Inducible nitric oxide synthase in T cells regulates T cell death and immune memory

Vig, Monika; Srivastava, Smita; Kandpal, Usha; Sade, Hadassah; Lewis, Virginia; Sarin, Apurva; George, Anna; Bal, Vineeta; Durdik, Jeannine M.; Rath, Satyajit

doi:10.1172/jci20225

Cited by 102 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…5) Upon immunization, iNOS protein gets transiently expressed in TRC and DC within the draining LN. 6) Absence of iNOS in vivo correlates with an exaggerated primary CD8 + T cell response, consistent with the previous observation of an exaggerated memory T cell response in Inos −/− mice [38]. Thus, while TRC may have several ways of enhancing T cell activation, our assays have only revealed attenuating effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fibroblastic Reticular Cells From Lymph Nodes Attenuate T Cell Expansion by Producing Nitric Oxide

et al. 2011

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Adaptive immune responses are initiated when T cells encounter antigen on dendritic cells (DC) in T zones of secondary lymphoid organs. T zones contain a 3-dimensional scaffold of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) but currently it is unclear how FRC influence T cell activation. Here we report that FRC lines and ex vivo FRC inhibit T cell proliferation but not differentiation. FRC share this feature with fibroblasts from non-lymphoid tissues as well as mesenchymal stromal cells. We identified FRC as strong source of nitric oxide (NO) thereby directly dampening T cell expansion as well as reducing the T cell priming capacity of DC. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was up-regulated in a subset of FRC by both DC-signals as well as interferon-γ produced by primed CD8+ T cells. Importantly, iNOS expression was induced during viral infection in vivo in both LN FRC and DC. As a consequence, the primary T cell response was found to be exaggerated in Inos −/− mice. Our findings highlight that in addition to their established positive roles in T cell responses FRC and DC cooperate in a negative feedback loop to attenuate T cell expansion during acute inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fibroblastic Reticular Cells From Lymph Nodes Attenuate T Cell Expansion by Producing Nitric Oxide

et al. 2011

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“…As nitric oxide (NO) is considered to be a key component in T-cell suppression mediated by MDSCs [29], [30], we measured the role of NO in co-cultures of T-cells and IMCs to determine whether NO serves as a short-range soluble mediator that could inhibit T-cell proliferation. Extracellular NO was significantly higher in cultures of T-cells co-cultured with CD11b + GR1 + IMCs compared with media from cultures of Dynabead activated T-cells alone (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Immature Myeloid Progenitors with Nitric-Oxide-Dependent Immunosuppressive Activity Isolated from Bone Marrow of Tumor-Free Mice

et al. 2013

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Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from tumor-bearing mice are important negative regulators of anti-cancer immune responses, but the role for immature myeloid cells (IMCs) in non-tumor-bearing mice in the regulation of immune responses are poorly described. We studied the immune-suppressive activity of IMCs from the bone marrow (BM) of C57Bl/6 mice and the mechanism(s) by which they inhibit T–cell activation and proliferation. IMCs, isolated from BM by high-speed FACS, inhibited mitogen-induced proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in vitro. Cell-to-cell contact of T-cells with viable IMCs was required for suppression. Neither neutralizing antibodies to TGFβ1, nor genetic disruption of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase, abrogated IMC-mediated suppressive activity. In contrast, suppression of T-cell proliferation was absent in cultures containing IMCs from interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor KO mice or T-cells from IFN-γ KO mice (on the C57Bl/6 background). The addition of NO inhibitors to co-cultures of T-cells and IMC significantly reduced the suppressive activity of IMCs. IFN-γ signaling between T-cells and IMCs induced paracrine Nitric Oxide (NO) release in culture, and the degree of inhibition of T-cell proliferation was proportional to NO levels. The suppressive activity of IMCs from the bone marrow of tumor-free mice was comparable with MDSCs from BALB/c bearing mice 4T1 mammary tumors. These results indicate that IMCs have a role in regulating T-cell activation and proliferation in the BM microenvironment.

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“…The difference in c-SH in T cell subsets with distinct phenotype and susceptibility to death suggests that cell fate is directly linked to modulation of redox regulating proteins, and that in turn could affect ROS/RNS balance resulting in modulation of TCR dependent and independent signaling molecules/pathways (33-35). The inverse correlation between L-NAC induced c-SH expression and phosphorylation of S6 (a downstream molecule in the mTOR pathway) supports this view.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Thiol Expression Increases the Durability of Antitumor T-cell Functions

et al. 2014

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Ex vivo-expanded CD8+ T cells used for adoptive immunotherapy generally acquire an effector memory-like phenotype (TEM cells). With regard to therapeutic applications, two undesired features of this phenotype in vivo are limited persistence and reduced anti-tumor efficacy, relative to CD8+ T cells with a central memory-like phenotype (TCM cells). Further, there is incomplete knowledge about all the differences between TEM and TCM cells that may influence tumor treatment outcomes. Given that TCM cells survive relatively longer in oxidative tumor microenvironments, we investigated the hypothesis that TCM possess relatively greater anti-oxidative capacity than TEM cells. Here we report that TCM cells exhibit a relative increase compared to TEM cells in expression of cell surface thiols, a key target of cellular redox controls, along with other antioxidant molecules. Increased expression of redox regulators in TCM cells inversely correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, proliferative capacity and glycolytic enzyme levels. Notably, TCR-transduced T cells pretreated with thiol donors, such as N-acetyl cysteine or rapamycin, up-regulated thiol levels and antioxidant genes. A comparison of anti-tumor CD8+ T cell populations on the basis of surface thiol expression showed that thiol-high cells persisted longer in vivo and exerted superior tumor control. Our results suggest that higher levels of reduced cell surface thiols are a key characteristic of T cells that can control tumor growth, and that profiling this biomarker may have benefits to T cell adoptive immunotherapy protocols.

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Inducible nitric oxide synthase in T cells regulates T cell death and immune memory

Cited by 102 publications

References 49 publications

Fibroblastic Reticular Cells From Lymph Nodes Attenuate T Cell Expansion by Producing Nitric Oxide

Fibroblastic Reticular Cells From Lymph Nodes Attenuate T Cell Expansion by Producing Nitric Oxide

Properties of Immature Myeloid Progenitors with Nitric-Oxide-Dependent Immunosuppressive Activity Isolated from Bone Marrow of Tumor-Free Mice

Promoting Thiol Expression Increases the Durability of Antitumor T-cell Functions

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