Inducible Resistance to
            <scp>d</scp>
            -Cycloserine in
            <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
            168

Clark, Virginia L.; Young, Frank E.

doi:10.1128/aac.11.5.871

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2B). The novel D-cycloserine resistance protein had low-level identity to a drug/metabolite transporter (46% identity over 91% of the sequence; YP_001583420), indicating the gene may have efflux-related function, consistent with known mechanisms of D-cycloserine tolerance (22). …”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

The Shared Antibiotic Resistome of Soil Bacteria and Human Pathogens

Forsberg

Reyes

Wang

et al. 2012

Science

1,392

887

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Soil microbiota represent one of the ancient evolutionary origins of antibiotic resistance and have been proposed as a reservoir of resistance genes available for exchange with clinical pathogens. Using a high-throughput functional metagenomic approach in conjunction with a pipeline for the de-novo assembly of short-read sequence data from functional selections (termed PARFuMS), we provide evidence for recent exchange of antibiotic resistance genes between environmental bacteria and clinical pathogens. We describe multidrug-resistant soil bacteria containing resistance cassettes against five classes of antibiotics (β-lactams, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines) which have perfect nucleotide identity to genes from diverse human pathogens. This identity encompasses non-coding regions as well as multiple mobilization sequences, offering not only evidence of lateral exchange, but also a mechanism by which antibiotic resistance disseminates.

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mentioning

confidence: 92%

The Shared Antibiotic Resistome of Soil Bacteria and Human Pathogens

Forsberg

Reyes

Wang

et al. 2012

Science

1,392

887

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“…DCS has been documented as being either bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending upon the concentration and the susceptibility of a particular bacterium (Curtiss et al . ; Clark and Young ). Additionally, Clark and Young demonstrated that early logarithmic stage cells of Bacillus subtilis were highly sensitive to DCS, whereas during late stage growth, the authors were more likely to observe resistance to DCS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

D-cycloserine or similar physiochemical compounds may be uniquely suited for use inBacillus anthracisspore decontamination strategies

et al. 2013

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Aims: As observed in the aftermath of the anthrax attacks of 2001, decontamination and remediation of a site contaminated by the accidental or intentional release of Bacillus anthracis spores is difficult, costly and potentially damaging to the environment. The identification of novel strategies that neutralize the threat of spores while minimizing environmental damage remains a high priority. We investigated the efficacy of D-cycloserine (DCS), an antibiotic and inhibitor of the spore-associated enzyme (alanine racemase) responsible for converting L-alanine to D-alanine, as a spore germination enhancer and antimicrobial agent. Methods and Results: We characterized the impact of DCS exposure on both germinating spores and vegetative cells of fully virulent B. anthracis by evaluating spore germination kinetics, determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) required to affect growth of the bacteria and performing macrophage viability assays. DCS enhanced germination induced by L-alanine and also efficiently killed the newly germinated spores. Furthermore, DCS proved nontoxic to macrophages at concentrations that provided protection from the killing effects of spores. Similar tests were conducted with Bacillus thuringiensis (subspecies kurstaki and Al Hakam) to determine its potential as a possible surrogate for B. anthracis field trials. Bacillus thuringiensis spores responded in a similar manner to B. anthracis spores when exposed to DCS. Conclusions: These results further support that DCS augments the germination response of spores in the presence of L-alanine but also reveal that DCS is bactericidal towards germinating spores. Significance and Impact of the Study: DCS (or similar compounds) may be uniquely suited for use as part of decontamination strategies by augmenting the induction of spore germination and then rendering the germinated spores nonviable.

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“…The new parameters may be evaluated by the use of long-term experiments, but these have the disadvantage that the culture might either become 'trained' to a certain concentration of cycloserine (Clark & Young, 1977) or even that resistant mutants may arise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar competition has been observed for the uptake system by which the amino acids D-alanine and glycine, as well as the antibiotic cycloserine, are transported into the cell (Wargel et al, 1970). The resistance of E. coli (Wargel et al, 1971), Bacillus subtilis (Clark & Young, 1977) and Rhizobium sp. (Pankhurst & Craig, 1979) to cycloserine has been shown to be coupled with variations in this uptake system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variability of the Sensitivity to Cycloserine of Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418, Growing in Chemostat Culture

Sterkenburg

Wouters

1981

Microbiology

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The susceptibility of Klebsiella aerogenes to cycloserine varied according to the growth conditions. In batch culture, cells were less susceptible to the antibiotic when glycine was present in the medium, presumably due to competition between glycine and cycloserine for the uptake system by which glycine, D-alanine and cycloserine are transported into the cell. In the chemostat at average dilution rates. ammonia-limited cultures were more susceptible to the antibiotic than were glucose-limited cultures. Under phosphate-limiting conditions cultures were at least ten times less susceptible. Under ammonia and phosphate limitation the susceptibility increased with increasing growth rate. The sensitivity of glucose-limited cells was independent of the growth rate. A high-affinity uptake system for cycloserine (as measured by D-alanine transport) was present in ammonia-and glucose-limited cells, but not in phosphate-limited cells. Thus. the phenotypically defined alterations in the susceptibility of the bacterium to cycloserine could be correlated with variations in its uptake system for the an ti biotic.

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Inducible Resistance to d -Cycloserine in Bacillus subtilis 168

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

The Shared Antibiotic Resistome of Soil Bacteria and Human Pathogens

The Shared Antibiotic Resistome of Soil Bacteria and Human Pathogens

D-cycloserine or similar physiochemical compounds may be uniquely suited for use inBacillus anthracisspore decontamination strategies

Phenotypic Variability of the Sensitivity to Cycloserine of Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418, Growing in Chemostat Culture

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