Induction and maintenance of DNA methylation in plant promoter sequences by apple latent spherical virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing

Kon, Tatsuya; Yoshikawa, Nobuyuki

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00595

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The assumption that vsiRNA move throughout the plant to convey immunity still awaits direct experimental validation. Several studies have shown that antiviral acquired resistance can be passed transgenerationally to offspring through siRNAs and RdDM by the use of virus-induced TGS (VITGS) Kon and Yoshikawa, 2014; Martín-Hernández and Baulcombe, 2008; Otagaki et al, 2011). How VSR activities could modulate/interfere with resistance "priming" in subsequent generations is not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

viral silencing suppressors: Tools forged to fine-tune host-pathogen coexistence

2015

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RNA silencing is a homology-dependent gene inactivation mechanism that regulates a wide range of biological processes including antiviral defense. To deal with host antiviral responses viruses evolved mechanisms to avoid or counteract this, most notably through expression of viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Besides working as silencing suppressors, these proteins may also fulfill other functions during infection. In many cases the interplay between the suppressor function and other "unrelated" functions remains elusive. We will present host factors implicated in antiviral pathways and summarize the current status of knowledge about the diverse viral suppressors' strategies acting at various steps of antiviral silencing in plants. Besides, we will consider the multi-functionality of these versatile proteins and related biochemical processes in which they may be involved in fine-tuning the plant-virus interaction. Finally, we will present the current applications and discuss perspectives of the use of these proteins in molecular biology and biotechnology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

viral silencing suppressors: Tools forged to fine-tune host-pathogen coexistence

2015

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“…It was not easy to insert exogenous nucleotide sequences into ALSV. After many trials (Li C et al, unpublished data), three cloning sites were successfully used for nucleotide insertions (Figure 2) [9,20]. One cloning site is located immediately after the stop codon of the polyprotein encoded by ALSV-RNA1 (named the SM site, after restriction sites for SalI and MluI; Figure 2A).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Alsv Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such simultaneous expression/suppression of different genes is possible, but such vectors typically show low infection rates. The MN site was also used for virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing (VITGS) in N. benthamiana and petunia, where upstream sequences (promoters) of the target genes are methylated by virus vectors [20]. The nucleotide sequence of an apple gene promoter was also mutated and inserted at the XSB site for infection to apple plants [15].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Alsv Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

ALSV Vector Substantially Shortens Generation Time of Horticultural Plants

Kasajima¹,

Li²,

Yamagishi³

et al. 2017

Plant Engineering

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Flowering of plants is tightly regulated by both plant maturity and seasons in the year. Now that the Flowering Locus T (FT) gene has been revealed to encode the flowering hormone florigen, researchers are seeking to regulate and modify flowering behaviours by using florigen as a genetic tool. In place of transgenic approaches, Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) vector was successful in promoting flowering of both model plants (Arabidopsis and tobacco), and fruit trees (e.g. apple, pear, and loquat), vegetables (e.g. tomato and cucumber), legumes (e.g. soybean), and ornamental flowers (e.g. petunia, Japanese gentian and Eustoma). In so doing, FT was expressed and/or TFL1 was suppressed by the ALSV vector. ALSV is a latent (non-pathogenic) virus isolated from an apple tree. After induction of flowering and seed production in crops, ALSV is not transferred to most of the next-generation seedlings, or it can be artificially removed from the infected plant by incubation at high temperature. Thus, the generation times of horticultural plants are approximately halved, and the generation time of apple plants is substantially shortened to within one year. Hence, ALSV technology is expected to be useful as a part of New Plant Breeding Techniques (NPBT) for agricultural application.

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“…These vectors had to be inoculated to Chenopodium quinoa plants for virus propagation [42]. Currently, we constructed RNA1 and RNA2 vectors using Ti plasmid where cloning sites for foreign gene were introduced in both RNA vectors [43,44]. As shown in Figure 1a, RNA1 vector has a cloning site in the 3′-noncoding region (SM), and RNA2 vector has two cloning sites in the ORF (XSB) and the 3′-noncoding region (MN).…”

Section: Apple Latent Spherical Virus (Alsv) Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 1a, RNA1 vector has a cloning site in the 3′-noncoding region (SM), and RNA2 vector has two cloning sites in the ORF (XSB) and the 3′-noncoding region (MN). These vectors can be inoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana by agro-infiltration [43,44].…”

Section: Apple Latent Spherical Virus (Alsv) Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Plant Breeding Technique Using ALSV Vectors to Shorten the Breeding Periods of Fruit Trees

Yamagishi¹,

Yoshikawa²

2016

Genetic Engineering - An Insight Into the Strategies and Applications

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Fruit trees have a long juvenile phase. For example, the juvenile phase of apple lasts for 6-12 years and is a serious constraint for creating new varieties by breeding based on crossing and selection. In this chapter, we report a novel technology using the apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) vector to accelerate flowering time and life cycle in apple and pear seedlings. Inoculation of apple and pear cotyledons immediately after germination with ALSV-AtFT/ MdTFL1 concurrently expressing Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (AtFT) gene and suppressing apple TERMINAL FLOWER 1-1 (MdTFL1-1) gene can shorten the period from seeding to flowering to 1.5-3 months after germination and generation times in order to obtain next-generation seeds in 1 year or less. Most next-generation seedlings obtained from ALSV vector-infected plants were free of the virus. We also developed a method for eliminating ALSV vectors from infected apple and pear plants by only high-temperature treatment. A method combining the promotion of flowering in apple and pear by ALSV vector with an ALSV elimination technique is expected to see future application as a new plant breeding technique that can significantly shorten the breeding periods of apple and pear.

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Induction and maintenance of DNA methylation in plant promoter sequences by apple latent spherical virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing

Cited by 33 publications

References 45 publications

viral silencing suppressors: Tools forged to fine-tune host-pathogen coexistence

viral silencing suppressors: Tools forged to fine-tune host-pathogen coexistence

ALSV Vector Substantially Shortens Generation Time of Horticultural Plants

A New Plant Breeding Technique Using ALSV Vectors to Shorten the Breeding Periods of Fruit Trees

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