Induction, Collection, and Partial Characterization of Induced Respiratory Macrophages of the Turkey

Ficken, M. D.; Edwards, John F.; Lay, John C.

doi:10.2307/1590582

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Whereas Klika et al [37] did not find evidence for the migration of FARM from the interstitial tissue to the surface of the conducting airways other investigators reported the opposite [25,77]. Nganpiep and Maina [55] compared the number of macrophages obtained by first and subsequent lung lavages and found a clear increase in cell numbers.…”

Section: The Phagocyte System Of the Avian Lung And Air Sacsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the literature these cells have been designated as "avian respiratory macrophages or phagocytes -ARP" [26,76] or "free avian respiratory macrophages -FARM" [42,77]. Alveolar macrophages can easily be collected by pulmonary lavage in mammals, however this procedure yields only few FARM in birds [25,46,55,77,81]. From these studies it was estimated that alveolar macrophages in mice or rats were 20 times more frequent compared to FARM in the lung of the much larger chicken [46,79].…”

Section: The Phagocyte System Of the Avian Lung And Air Sacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was clearly shown by the high numbers of macrophages recovered from the lung and air sacs of turkeys after inoculation of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) into the abdominal air sacs. These macrophages showed rapid adhesion to glass surfaces, phagocytosis of zymosan particles and killing of Escherichia coli by in vitro assays [25]. Likewise, intratracheal instillation of heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes [79] as well as avirulent Salmonella typhimurium [82] induces a rapid and high level influx of avian respiratory macrophages, whereas the intravenous inoculation of Propionibacterium acnes resulted in a weak induction of respiratory macrophages [79].…”

Section: The Phagocyte System Of the Avian Lung And Air Sacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a mucociliary escalator system was only found in the most proximal part of the air sacs right next to bronchial openings [14]. Thus, particle clearance is largely accomplished by phagocytic cells and is significantly slower than in the lung [25,53].…”

Section: Particle Uptake In the Avian Lung And Air Sacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The avian lung-associated immune system: a review

2006

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-The lung is a major target organ for numerous viral and bacterial diseases of poultry. To control this constant threat birds have developed a highly organized lung-associated immune system. In this review the basic features of this system are described and their functional properties discussed. Most prominent in the avian lung is the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) which is located at the junctions between the primary bronchus and the caudal secondary bronchi. BALT nodules are absent in newly hatched birds, but gradually developed into the mature structures found from 6-8 weeks onwards. They are organized into distinct B and T cell areas, frequently comprise germinal centres and are covered by a characteristic follicle-associated epithelium. The interstitial tissue of the parabronchial walls harbours large numbers of tissue macrophages and lymphocytes which are scattered throughout tissue. A striking feature of the avian lung is the low number of macrophages on the respiratory surface under non-inflammatory conditions. Stimulation of the lung by live bacteria but not by a variety of bacterial products elicits a significant efflux of activated macrophages and, depending on the pathogen, of heterophils. In addition to the cellular components humoral defence mechanisms are found on the lung surface including secretory IgA. The compartmentalisation of the immune system in the avian lung into BALT and non BALTregions should be taken into account in studies on the host-pathogen interaction since these structures may have distinct functional properties during an immune response.

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Section: The Phagocyte System Of the Avian Lung And Air Sacsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Phagocyte System Of the Avian Lung And Air Sacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Phagocyte System Of the Avian Lung And Air Sacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Uptake In the Avian Lung And Air Sacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The avian lung-associated immune system: a review

2006

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“…Do such phagocytic cells appear only when needed? Under experimental conditions (e.g., stimulation with Freund's adjuvant or Sephadex instilled into air spaces) phagocytic cells physiologically similar to mammalian alveolar macrophages can be induced to enter the bird's pulmonary spaces (75,76). Birds, like mammals, have bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue within the epithelium lining their lungs and bronchi, which contributes to dearance (dissolution and antibody labeling) of paticulates from the respiratory tract ofmammals (72).…”

Section: Avian Respiratory Toxicology Inhaled Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The avian respiratory system: a unique model for studies of respiratory toxicosis and for monitoring air quality.

Brown¹,

Brain²,

Wang³

1997

Environ Health Perspect

140

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There are many distinct differences (morphologic, physiologic, and mechanical) between the bird's lung-air-sac respiratory system and the mammalian bronchoalveolar lung. In this paper, we review the physiology of the avian respiratory system with attention to those mechanisms that may lead to significantly different results, relative to those in mammals, following exposure to toxic gases and airborne particulates. We suggest that these differences can be productively exploited to further our understanding of the basic mechanisms of inhalant toxicology (gases and particulates). The large mass-specific gas uptake by the avian respiratory system, at rest and especially during exercise, could be exploited as a sensitive monitor of air quality. Birds have much to offer in our understanding of respiratory toxicology, but that expectation can only be realized by investigating, in a wide variety of avian taxa, the pathophysiologic interactions of a broad range of inhaled toxicants on the bird's unique respiratory system. Images p188-a Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. A Figure 5. B Figure 5. C Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8.

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