Induction, exacerbation and inhibition of allergic and autoimmune diseases by infection

Kamradt, Thomas; Göggel, Rolf; Erb, Klaus J.

doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.03.009

Cited by 115 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Recent studies have posited a link between allergies and autoimmune diseases (10)(11)(12), and some studies have provided evidence of a relationship between allergies and ITP development. First, environmental factors such as viral or bacterial infection influence the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases (13). Second, previous studies have shown that FcγRIIb, a low-affinity IgG Fc receptor, plays a role in both allergic and autoimmune diseases, such as ITP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of primary immune thrombocytopenia and common allergic diseases among children

et al. 2015

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Background:Growing evidence has revealed a link between autoimmune and allergic diseases. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between allergic diseases and primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an autoimmune disease frequently occurring in children. This population-based case-control study investigated the association between common allergic diseases and the subsequent risk of developing ITP during childhood. Methods: This study investigated 1,203 children younger than 18 y of age who were diagnosed with ITP between 1998 and 2008, as well as 4,812 frequency-matched controls. The odds ratios of the association between ITP and preexisting allergic diseases were calculated. results: Children with every type of allergic disease examined in this study (except asthma) exhibited an increased risk of developing ITP; the lowest adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.39 for allergic conjunctivitis (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-1.79), whereas the greatest aOR was 1.84 for allergic rhinitis (95% CI = 1.49-2.27). The aORs increased with the number of concurrent allergic diseases to 2.89 (95% CI = 1.98-4.22) for children with at least three allergic diseases. conclusion: Children with atopic diathesis have a greater risk of subsequently developing ITP. The fundamental determinants of this relationship warrant further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of primary immune thrombocytopenia and common allergic diseases among children

et al. 2015

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“…Transgenic mice expressing a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a myelin-derived peptide develop spontaneous EAE when housed in conventional, but not specific pathogen free conditions 30 . This suggests that infection may precipitate autoimmunity in mice.…”

Section: The Link Between Pamps and Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR-dependent T cell activation in autoimmunity

2011

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Autoimmune disease can develop as a result of a breakdown in immunological tolerance, leading to the activation of self-reactive T cells. There is an established link between infection and human autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, experimental autoimmune diseases can be induced by immunization with autoantigens that are administered together with complete Freund's adjuvant containing killed Mycobacteria tuberculosis, which in some cases can be replaced with individual pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Exogenous PAMPs and endogenous danger signals from necrotic cells bind to pathogen recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors, and activate signaling pathways in innate immune cells and on T cells, leading to inflammatory cytokine production and T cell activation, and this is now considered to be a major factor in the development of autoimmunity.

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“…Tolerance is the process of eliminating or inhibiting autoreactive cells, and loss of tolerance to self antigens is the key feature for development of autoimmunity [46]. T-cell tolerance occurs via both central and peripheral mechanisms.…”

Section: Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable evidence implicates infections in the development of autoimmunity. Infections may cause autoimmune disease through a variety of mechanisms including release of sequestered antigens through tissue damage; 'bystander' activation of autoreactive T cells by inflammatory cytokines and microbial products and 'molecular mimicry' due to structural similarity between microbial and endogenous peptides [46]. Patients with immunodeficiency are less able to clear infectious agents, resulting in chronic immune responses and tissue damage which favours the breaking of peripheral tolerance [54][55][56].…”

Section: Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

2007

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22q11.2 deletion syndrome is the commonest chromosome deletion syndrome. 22q11.2 deletion may result in variable clinical phenotypes which may differ even between patients with identical deletions. Abnormal pharyngeal arch development results in defects in the development of the parathyroid glands, thymus and conotruncal region of the heart. Defective thymic development is associated with impaired immune function. ‘Complete’ DiGeorge syndrome with total absence of the thymus and a severe T‐cell immunodeficiency accounts for <0.5% of patients. The majority of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndromes have ‘partial’ defects with impaired thymic development rather than complete absence with variable defects in T‐cell numbers. Immunodeficiency in these patients is not solely due to T‐cell deficiency and abnormalities of T‐cell clonality or impairment of proliferative responses may play a role. Humoral deficiencies including defects in the B‐cell compartment have also been identified in these patients. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients are at increased risk of a variety of autoimmune diseases. A number of immune defects may predispose to the development of autoimmunity in these patients including increased infection, impaired development of natural T‐regulatory cells and impaired thymic central tolerance.

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Induction, exacerbation and inhibition of allergic and autoimmune diseases by infection

Cited by 115 publications

References 81 publications

Association of primary immune thrombocytopenia and common allergic diseases among children

Association of primary immune thrombocytopenia and common allergic diseases among children

TLR-dependent T cell activation in autoimmunity

Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

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