Induction of abalone larval metamorphosis by thyroid hormones

Fukazawa, Hidesuke; Hirai, Hirokazu; Hori, Hisako; Roberts, Rodney D.; Nukaya, Hauro; Ishida, Hideyuki; Tsuji, Kiichiro

doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00351.x

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Attempts to determine if THs had any effects on protostome development are scant and relatively preliminary. One study reported that THs accelerated metamorphosis in the mollusk abalone (Fukazawa et al, 2001) and another one in a crustacean [a prawn (Roustaian and Gaik, 2006)]. In contrast, THs did not seem to have any effect on the crustacean Daphnia (Kashian and Dodson, 2004) in accordance with the observation that no endogenous TH is present in this species (Eales, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

The history of a developmental stage: Metamorphosis in chordates

Paris

Laudet

2008

Genesis

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Summary: Metamorphosis displays a striking diversity in chordates, a deuterostome phylum that comprises vertebrates, urochordates (tunicates), and cephalochordates (amphioxus). In anuran amphibians, the tadpole loses its tail, develops limbs, and undergoes profound changes at the behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and ecological levels. In ascidian tunicates, the tail is lost and the head tissues are drastically remodeled into the adult animal, whereas in amphioxus, the highly asymmetric larva transforms into a relatively symmetric adult. This wide diversity has led to the proposal that metamorphosis evolved several times independently in the different chordate lineages during evolution. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in metamorphosis are largely unknown outside amphibians and teleost fishes, in which metamorphosis is regulated by the thyroid hormones (TH) T 3 and T 4 binding to their receptors (thyroid hormone receptors). In this review, we compare metamorphosis in chordates and then propose a unifying definition of the larva-to-adult transition, based on the conservation of the role of THs and some of their derivatives as the main regulators of metamorphosis. According to this definition, all chordates (if not, all deuterostomes) have a homologous metamorphosis stage during their postembryonic development. The intensity and the nature of the morphological remodeling varies extensively among taxa, from drastic remodeling like in some ascidians or amphibians to more subtle events, as in mammals. genesis 46:657-672,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

The history of a developmental stage: Metamorphosis in chordates

Paris

Laudet

2008

Genesis

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“…TH-like function has also been reported from other invertebrate taxa (reviewed in Ref. 37), including a possible role in abalone metamorphosis, (38) as well as interactions with the juvenile hormone (JH) signaling system in insects. (39) Given the function of TH across the bilaterians, the question of how ''deep'' this particular hormone's function goes is an interesting one from an evolutionary perspective.…”

Section: Box 1: Defining Metamorphosismentioning

confidence: 93%

Hormone signaling in evolution and development: a non-model system approachs

2004

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Cooption and modularity are informative concepts in evolutionary developmental biology. Genes function within complex networks that act as modules in development. These modules can then be coopted in various functional and evolutionary contexts. Hormonal signaling, the main focus of this review, has a modular character. By regulating the activities of genes, proteins and other cellular molecules, a hormonal signal can have major effects on physiological and ontogenetic processes within and across tissues over a wide spatial and temporal scale. Because of this property, we argue that hormones are frequently involved in the coordination of life history transitions (LHTs) and their evolution (LHE). Finally, we promote the usefulness of a comparative, non-model system approach towards understanding how hormones function and guide development and evolution, highlighting thyroid hormone function in echinoids as an example.

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“…Crustose coralline algae (CCA) induce substratum‐specific metamorphosis of abalone larvae. The metamorphosis is triggered by chemical substances, such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) 1 and thyroid hormones, 2 but these substances have not been found as free compounds in CCA. Morse and Morse studied settlement‐inducing substances from CCA and suggested that settlement was controlled by precursors or metabolites of phycoerythrin structurally related to GABA 3 .…”

Section: Metamorphosis‐inducing Activity Of δ‐Aminovaleric Acid and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducing substance for abalone larval metamorphosis from the crustose coralline alga Hydrolithon samoense

et al. 2004

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KEY WORDS: abalone larval metamorphosis, d d d d -aminovaleric acid, crustose coralline algae, Hydrolithon samoense , settlement-inducing substance.Abalone larvae swim for several days before they metamorphose into a miniature adult organism. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) induce substratumspecific metamorphosis of abalone larvae. The metamorphosis is triggered by chemical substances, such as g -aminobutyric acid (GABA) 1 and thyroid hormones, 2 but these substances have not been found as free compounds in CCA. Morse and Morse studied settlement-inducing substances from CCA and suggested that settlement was controlled by precursors or metabolites of phycoerythrin structurally related to GABA. 3 However, the active substances in the algae remained unspecified. 4 Seki et al . reported that abalone larval metamorphosis was induced by dibromomethane produced from algal surfaces. 5 The chemical structure of CH 2 Br 2 is quite different from that of GABA. The present study on inducing substances in CCA focused on low-molecular weight compounds, and resulted in the isolation of d -aminovaleric acid (5-AVA) as an inducer.Larvae of two species of abalone Haliotis discus discus and Haliotis discus hannai were supplied by Shizuoka Prefectural Sea Farming Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Thermal Effluent Utilization Research Center, and Yamagata Prefectural Sea Farming Center. Three or 4 days after fertilization at 18-20 ∞ C, the veliger larvae were transported to the University of Shizuoka. Assays were performed by slight modifications of the procedure described previously. 2 Swimming larvae, which were competent to metamorphose, were placed in 24-well tissue culture dishes at densities of 20-40/well. Assays were performed in the dark at 19 ± 1 ∞ C in 2.0 mL sterilized natural seawater containing the tested samples and 150 m g/mL each of potassium penicillin G and streptomycin sulfate (Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Two controls were included, one containing only seawater (negative) and the other 1 m M baclofen (positive), a potent GABA B receptor agonist. 6 The percentage of metamorphosis in each well was determined at 96 h with the use of a microscope at 40 ¥ magnification. The assays were conducted in quadruplicate, and the results were shown as the mean value of four wells.Stones covered with the CCA Hydrolithon samoense were collected at Osezaki (Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan). Algae-covered stones (estimated weight of wet algae, 300 g) were directly extracted with distilled water at 4 ∞ C for 2 days. After filtering, the filtrate was lyophilized to give powdered extract (11 g). The extract was separated by a series of chromatographic methods (Fig. 1) to give an active fraction (fr-1-2-3, 20 mg). The conditions for chromatography were as follows: (i) Diaion HP-20, solvent: H 2 O AE 50% aqueous methanol AE methanol; (ii) activated charcoal, solvent: H 2 O AE 50% aqueous ethanol AE 50% aqueous ethanol containing 1% acetic acid; (iii) Amberlite CG-50 (H + form; Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, PA, USA), solvent H 2 O AE ...

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Induction of abalone larval metamorphosis by thyroid hormones

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

The history of a developmental stage: Metamorphosis in chordates

The history of a developmental stage: Metamorphosis in chordates

Hormone signaling in evolution and development: a non-model system approachs

Inducing substance for abalone larval metamorphosis from the crustose coralline alga Hydrolithon samoense

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