Induction of aldose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities in Candida tenuis CBS 4435

Kern, Martin

doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(97)00050-5

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…When utilizing hydrolysates from sugarcane straw and P. stipitis, glucose was completely consumed within 15 h whereas xylose was consumed from the start to the end of 110 h of fermentation, although at a slower rate in the presence of glucose (Moutta 2009). Both five-carbon sugars (xylose and arabinose) are directly involved in pentose metabolism and are primarily responsible for the activation of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase in P. tannophilus and Candida tenuis (Bolen and Detroy 1985;Kern et al 1997). In our experiments, the consumption of arabinose did not result in higher production of ethanol and xylitol.…”

Section: Detoxified Without Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 43%

A strain of Meyerozyma guilliermondii isolated from sugarcane juice is able to grow and ferment pentoses in synthetic and bagasse hydrolysate media

Martini

Tauk-Tornisielo

Codato

et al. 2016

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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The search for new microbial strains that are able to withstand inhibitors released from hemicellulosic hydrolysis and are also still able to convert sugars in ethanol/xylitol is highly desirable. A yeast strain isolated from sugarcane juice and identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii was evaluated for the ability to grow and ferment pentoses in synthetic media and in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. The yeast grew in xylose, arabinose and glucose at the same rate at an initial medium pH of 5.5. At pH 4.5, the yeast grew more slowly in arabinose. There was no sugar exhaustion within 60 h. At higher xylose concentrations with a higher initial cell concentration, sugar was exhausted within 96 h at pH 4.5. An increase of 350 % in biomass was obtained in detoxified hydrolysates, whereas supplementation with 3 g/L yeast extract increased biomass production by approximately 40 %. Ethanol and xylitol were produced more significantly in supplemented hydrolysates regardless of detoxification. Xylose consumption was enhanced in supplemented hydrolysates and arabinose was consumed only when xylose and glucose were no longer available. Supplementation had a greater impact on ethanol yield and productivity than detoxification; however, the product yields obtained in the present study are still much lower when compared to other yeast species in bagasse hydrolysate. By the other hand, the fermentation of both xylose and arabinose and capability of withstanding inhibitors are important characteristics of the strain assayed.

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Section: Detoxified Without Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 43%

A strain of Meyerozyma guilliermondii isolated from sugarcane juice is able to grow and ferment pentoses in synthetic and bagasse hydrolysate media

Martini

Tauk-Tornisielo

Codato

et al. 2016

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Yeast cultures inoculated with D-xylose-grown cells had 2-, 16- and 3-fold higher xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase in vitro activities, respectively, compared to the cultures inoculated with D-glucose-grown cells (Figure 1 ), while the mRNA levels of XYL1, XYL2 and XKS1 genes were 3-, 5-, and 3-fold higher, respectively (Figure 2 ). The yeast C. tenuis [ 23 ], S. stipitis and P. tannophilus [ 24 ] also show enhanced xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities in D-xylose-grown cells compared to D-glucose-grown cells, whereas there was no clear effect of the carbon source in C. utilis [ 12 ]. The effect and extent of this effect of carbon source on the activity of enzymes involved in D-xylose metabolism is apparently species dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-lactic acid production from D-xylose with Candida sonorensis expressing a heterologous lactate dehydrogenase encoding gene

et al. 2014

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BackgroundBioplastics, like polylactic acid (PLA), are renewable alternatives for petroleum-based plastics. Lactic acid, the monomer of PLA, has traditionally been produced biotechnologically with bacteria. With genetic engineering, yeast have the potential to replace bacteria in biotechnological lactic acid production, with the benefits of being acid tolerant and having simple nutritional requirements. Lactate dehydrogenase genes have been introduced to various yeast to demonstrate this potential. Importantly, an industrial lactic acid producing process utilising yeast has already been implemented. Utilisation of D-xylose in addition to D-glucose in production of biochemicals such as lactic acid by microbial fermentation would be beneficial, as it would allow lignocellulosic raw materials to be utilised in the production processes.ResultsThe yeast Candida sonorensis, which naturally metabolises D-xylose, was genetically modified to produce L-lactic acid from D-xylose by integrating the gene encoding L-lactic acid dehydrogenase (ldhL) from Lactobacillus helveticus into its genome. In microaerobic, CaCO3-buffered conditions a C. sonorensis ldhL transformant having two copies of the ldhL gene produced 31 g l−1 lactic acid from 50 g l−1 D-xylose free of ethanol.Anaerobic production of lactic acid from D-xylose was assessed after introducing an alternative pathway of D-xylose metabolism, i.e. by adding a xylose isomerase encoded by XYLA from Piromyces sp. alone or together with the xylulokinase encoding gene XKS1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Strains were further modified by deletion of the endogenous xylose reductase encoding gene, alone or together with the xylitol dehydrogenase encoding gene. Strains of C. sonorensis expressing xylose isomerase produced L-lactic acid from D-xylose in anaerobic conditions. The highest anaerobic L-lactic acid production (8.5 g l−1) was observed in strains in which both the xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase encoding genes had been deleted and the xylulokinase encoding gene from S. cerevisiae was overexpressed.ConclusionsIntegration of two copies of the ldhL gene in C. sonorensis was sufficient to obtain good L-lactic acid production from D-xylose. Under anaerobic conditions, the ldhL strain with exogenous xylose isomerase and xylulokinase genes expressed and the endogenous xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase genes deleted had the highest L- lactic acid production.

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“…The biochemical characterization of yeast XDH described in this work revealed structural and functional properties of XDH that have not hitherto been pointed out. The XDH from G. mastotermitis, similarly to XDHs from several other yeast species [35,36], is inducible by -xylose, and its principal physiological role is the oxidation of xylitol to -xylulose in the catabolic pathway of -xylose. In contrast with P. stipitis [7], evidence of multiple NAD + -dependent or NADP + -dependent forms of XDH has not been found in G. mastotermitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional properties of a yeast xylitol dehydrogenase, a Zn2+-containing metalloenzyme similar to medium-chain sorbitol dehydrogenases

Lunzer

Mamnun

Haltrich

et al. 1998

Biochemical Journal

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The NAD+-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase from the xylose-assimilating yeast Galactocandida mastotermitis has been purified in high yield (80%) and characterized. Xylitol dehydrogenase is a heteronuclear multimetal protein that forms homotetramers and contains 1 mol of Zn2+ ions and 6 mol of Mg2+ ions per mol of 37.4 kDa protomer. Treatment with chelating agents such as EDTA results in the removal of the Zn2+ ions with a concomitant loss of enzyme activity. The Mg2+ ions are not essential for activity and are removed by chelation or extensive dialysis without affecting the stability of the enzyme. Results of initial velocity studies at steady state for d-sorbitol oxidation and d-fructose reduction together with the characteristic patterns of product inhibition point to a compulsorily ordered Theorell-Chance mechanism of xylitol dehydrogenase in which coenzyme binds first and leaves last. At pH 7.5, the binding of NADH (Ki approximately 10 microM) is approx. 80-fold tighter than that of NAD+. Polyhydroxyalcohols require at least five carbon atoms to be good substrates of xylitol dehydrogenase, and the C-2 (S), C-3 (R) and C-4 (R) configuration is preferred. Therefore xylitol dehydrogenase shares structural and functional properties with medium-chain sorbitol dehydrogenases.

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Induction of aldose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities in Candida tenuis CBS 4435

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A strain of Meyerozyma guilliermondii isolated from sugarcane juice is able to grow and ferment pentoses in synthetic and bagasse hydrolysate media

A strain of Meyerozyma guilliermondii isolated from sugarcane juice is able to grow and ferment pentoses in synthetic and bagasse hydrolysate media

L-lactic acid production from D-xylose with Candida sonorensis expressing a heterologous lactate dehydrogenase encoding gene

Structural and functional properties of a yeast xylitol dehydrogenase, a Zn2+-containing metalloenzyme similar to medium-chain sorbitol dehydrogenases

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