Induction of anaesthesia with either midazolam or propofol in rabbits premedicated with fentanyl/fluanisone

Martínez, Miguel; Murison, PJ; Love, Edgar J.

doi:10.1136/vr.164.26.803

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Blood pH decreased from 7.50 ± 0.00 to 7.28 ± 0.04 and serum lactate from 1.9 ± 0.6 to 0.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L (n = 7). The arterial partial pressure of O 2 (PaO 2 ) increased from 9.6 (8.4-11.1) to 38 (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46) kPa whereas mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased during anaesthesia ( Table 2). Heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO, n = 6) increased immediately after induction and remained high during most of maintenance ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heart rate increased after induction with TIVA, although the values did not reach the levels reported in awake unrestrained rabbits [37]. A possible explanation for the increase is the sympathomimetic stimulation caused by endotracheal intubation [38]. Alpha-2-agonists are able to block cardiovascular responses caused by intubation and surgery in humans [39] and opioids can block the sympathetic response to surgery in dogs [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous intravenous anaesthesia with sufentanil and midazolam in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAnaesthesia in rabbits is associated with a high mortality rate, compared to that in cats and dogs. Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with drugs that provide cardiovascular stability and are rapidly metabolised could be of benefit for use in rabbits. The aim was to evaluate cardiorespiratory effects of TIVA with sufentanil-midazolam in eight New Zealand White rabbits. Subcutaneous premedication with medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg BW) was followed by IV administration of a mixture of 2.5 μg/mL sufentanil and 0.45 mg/mL midazolam at a rate of 0.3 mL/kg BW/h for anaesthetic induction. Additionally, intravenous boluses of 0.1 mL of the mixture were administered every 20 s until the righting reflex was lost. Following endotracheal intubation, anaesthesia was maintained for 60 min with an infusion rate adjusted to supress the pedal withdrawal reflex. Air and oxygen (1:2) were delivered at 3 L/min. Physiological variables were recorded before induction and at predefined time points during and after anaesthesia.ResultsRighting and pedal withdrawal reflexes were lost within 3 and 5 min, respectively. Doses of sufentanil and midazolam were 0.48 μg/kg BW and 0.09 mg/kg BW for induction, and 0.72 μg/kg BW/h and 0.13 mg/kg BW/h for maintenance. Apnoea occurred in two rabbits. Induction of anaesthesia caused a significant increase in heart rate, cardiac output and arterial CO2 partial pressure and a decrease in mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate and pH. Mean time from stopping the infusion to endotracheal extubation was 5 min, and to return of the righting reflex 7 min. Anaesthesia was characterized by induction and recovery without excitation, with muscle relaxation, and absence of the pedal withdrawal reflex.ConclusionsTIVA with sufentanil-midazolam provided smooth induction and recovery of anaesthesia in rabbits but with marked hypotension and respiratory depression, requiring mechanical ventilation. Further evaluation is needed to establish if the protocol is useful for rabbits undergoing surgery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous intravenous anaesthesia with sufentanil and midazolam in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits

et al. 2013

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“…Alfaxalone shares similar properties with propofol (Taboada and Murison 2010, Gil and others 2012). Propofol, although known to be safe in small mammal anaesthesia, is known to induce apnoea in rabbits and requires strict intravenous use (Martinez and others 2009). Some data have shown that alfaxalone is effective when administered intramuscularly in cats and rabbits, bypassing the need for intravenous injection and the associated stress of handling (Marsh and others 2009, Grubb and others 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular administration of alfaxalone for sedation in rabbits

et al. 2015

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Alfaxalone is a neuroactive steroid derivative of pregnanedione that was recently reintroduced to the market for use as an induction agent in small animal anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine an intramuscular alfaxalone dose for safe immobilisation. Ten healthy New Zealand white rabbits were used to evaluate a single intramuscular injection of alfaxalone. The design of the study was a three-way, complete block, cross-over trial to compare the effect of alfaxalone at three doses (4, 6 and 8 mg). The mean duration of the effect for the 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg doses was, respectively, 36.9 (95% CI (31.6 to 42.3)), 51.8 (46.4 to 57.2) and 58.4 (52.8 to 63.9) minutes. The loss of the righting reflex was achieved after 3.1 (2.5 to 3.8), 2.4 (1.7 to 3.1) and 2.3 (1.6 to 2.9) minutes, respectively. The mean duration of the effect for the 6 and 8 mg doses was significantly higher than for the 4 mg dose (with estimated differences of 14.8 95% CI (8.8 to 20.8) minutes and 21.4 (15.3 to 27.6) minutes, respectively). No significant dose effect was observed before the loss of the righting reflex (P=0.14). Ear pinching and limb withdrawal were elicited in all groups at every dose. Doses of 4 or 6 mg/kg could be recommended; higher doses do not provide clinical benefits and can be associated with anaesthetic complication.

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“…[30–32] In an animal model, rabbits premedicated with fentanyl followed by induction of anesthesia with midazolam resulted in hypotension with reduced quality of recovery. [33] Similar reports of hypotension with the combined use of fentanyl and midazolam have been documented during electrophysiological procedures,[34] and sedation and anesthesia. [3536] Moreover, in preterm babies (<33 weeks gestational age), midazolam is associated with adverse neurological events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Premedication for neonatal intubation: Current practice in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2012

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Background:Despite strong evidence of the benefits of rapid sequence intubation in neonates, it is still infrequently utilized in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), contributing to avoidable pain and secondary procedure-related physiological disturbances.Objectives:The primary objective of this cross-sectional survey was to assess the practice of premedication and regimens commonly used before elective endotracheal intubation in NICUs in Saudi Arabia. The secondary aim was to explore neonatal physicians’ attitudes regarding this intervention in institutions across Saudi Arabia.Methods:A web-based, structured questionnaire was distributed by the Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, to neonatal physicians and consultants of 10 NICUs across the country by E-mail. Responses were tabulated and descriptive statistics were conducted on the variables extracted.Results:85% responded to the survey. Although 70% believed it was essential to routinely use premedication for all elective intubations, only 41% implemented this strategy. 60% cited fear of potential side effects for avoiding premedication and 40% indicated that the procedure could be executed more rapidly without drug therapy. Treatment regimens varied widely among respondents.Conclusion:Rates of premedication use prior to non-emergent neonatal intubation are suboptimal. Flawed information and lack of unified unit policies hampered effective implementation. Evidence-based guidelines may influence country-wide adoption of this practice.

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Induction of anaesthesia with either midazolam or propofol in rabbits premedicated with fentanyl/fluanisone

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Continuous intravenous anaesthesia with sufentanil and midazolam in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits

Continuous intravenous anaesthesia with sufentanil and midazolam in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits

Intramuscular administration of alfaxalone for sedation in rabbits

Premedication for neonatal intubation: Current practice in Saudi Arabia

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