Induction of anaesthesia with halothane and isoflurane in the rabbit: a comparison of the use of a face-mask or an anaesthetic chamber

Flecknell, P. A.; Cruz, Ignacio; Liles, J. H.; Whelan, G.

doi:10.1258/002367796780744910

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The use of inhalant anaesthetics as induction agents in rabbits is controversial as these might cause the animals to struggle and hold their breath during the induction phase. 36 Nevertheless, in this study rabbits accepted the anaesthesia induction technique well and endotracheal intubation could be performed without complications after desensitizing the larynx.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Femoral and sciatic nerve blockades and incision site infiltration in rabbits undergoing stifle joint arthrotomy

et al. 2016

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This study was designed to determine whether perineural injections of local anaesthetics decreases intraoperative nociception and improves postoperative analgesia in New Zealand White rabbits undergoing experimental stifle arthrotomy. All animals were anaesthetized using isoflurane and received morphine intramuscularly. The sciatic and femoral nerves of the leg to be operated on were located using a nerve stimulator (1 Hz, 0.5 mA). Rabbits were assigned to a treatment group (LB; n = 12) or a placebo group (P; n = 12) in a randomized blinded fashion. Group LB received lidocaine 2% (1 mg/kg) combined with bupivacaine 0.5% (0.25 mg/kg) injections around the sciatic and femoral nerves (0.1 mL/kg total volume per site) and subcutaneous infiltration of the incision site with lidocaine 1% (1.25 mg/kg). Group P received the same volume of 0.9% NaCl. Rabbits in group P required higher doses of intraoperative fentanyl and propofol to reduce heart rate and suppress increase in systolic blood pressure, and maintain an adequate anaesthetic plane. Interventional analgesia (buprenorphine and carprofen) was required significantly earlier in rabbits in group P (2 and 6 h after the first nerve blockade, respectively) based on assessment of their pain-related behaviour and range of motion. Using a visual analogue scale (0 mm= no pain to 100 mm= maximal possible pain), rabbits in group LB were judged to show significantly less pain compared with rabbits in group P (14 ± 10 mm and 37 ± 25 mm, respectively) 2 h after nerve blockade. In conclusion, this technique of perineural analgesia combined with incision site infiltration reduced intraoperative fentanyl requirements and improved postoperative analgesia in rabbits.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Femoral and sciatic nerve blockades and incision site infiltration in rabbits undergoing stifle joint arthrotomy

et al. 2016

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“…Rabbits are high risk anaesthesia patients, with a mortality risk 14 times higher than in dogs [3]. Possible reasons for this are that rabbits are easily stressed prey animals, they are difficult to intubate endotracheally and react to mask induction with volatile anaesthetics by extended breath-holding [4][5][6]. Rabbits have a large abdominal cavity in relation to the thoracic cavity, with the results that the pressure from the intestinal mass may interfere with respiration in dorsal recumbency during anaesthesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous intravenous anaesthesia with sufentanil and midazolam in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAnaesthesia in rabbits is associated with a high mortality rate, compared to that in cats and dogs. Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with drugs that provide cardiovascular stability and are rapidly metabolised could be of benefit for use in rabbits. The aim was to evaluate cardiorespiratory effects of TIVA with sufentanil-midazolam in eight New Zealand White rabbits. Subcutaneous premedication with medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg BW) was followed by IV administration of a mixture of 2.5 μg/mL sufentanil and 0.45 mg/mL midazolam at a rate of 0.3 mL/kg BW/h for anaesthetic induction. Additionally, intravenous boluses of 0.1 mL of the mixture were administered every 20 s until the righting reflex was lost. Following endotracheal intubation, anaesthesia was maintained for 60 min with an infusion rate adjusted to supress the pedal withdrawal reflex. Air and oxygen (1:2) were delivered at 3 L/min. Physiological variables were recorded before induction and at predefined time points during and after anaesthesia.ResultsRighting and pedal withdrawal reflexes were lost within 3 and 5 min, respectively. Doses of sufentanil and midazolam were 0.48 μg/kg BW and 0.09 mg/kg BW for induction, and 0.72 μg/kg BW/h and 0.13 mg/kg BW/h for maintenance. Apnoea occurred in two rabbits. Induction of anaesthesia caused a significant increase in heart rate, cardiac output and arterial CO2 partial pressure and a decrease in mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate and pH. Mean time from stopping the infusion to endotracheal extubation was 5 min, and to return of the righting reflex 7 min. Anaesthesia was characterized by induction and recovery without excitation, with muscle relaxation, and absence of the pedal withdrawal reflex.ConclusionsTIVA with sufentanil-midazolam provided smooth induction and recovery of anaesthesia in rabbits but with marked hypotension and respiratory depression, requiring mechanical ventilation. Further evaluation is needed to establish if the protocol is useful for rabbits undergoing surgery.

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“…Isoflurane, like other inhaled anesthesia, allows better control over the length and depth of anesthesia, as opposed to injectable anesthetics. It is believed to be safe and easy to maintain with a quick and uneventful recovery (24). It has been reported that isoflurane can inhibit the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate from synaptosomes harvested from the cortex, but not hippocampus or striatum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effect of isoflurane, medetomidine, and urethane on BOLD responses to acute levo‐tetrahydropalmatine in the rat

Liu¹,

Li²,

Zheng³

et al. 2011

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Levo‐tetrahydropalmatine (l‐THP) has shown significant promise in preclinical and clinical studies to treat drug addiction. Pharmacological MRI methods can elucidate the regional cerebral effects of l‐THP, but there are potential confounds from the use of general anesthesia. To investigate the possible anesthetic–drug interactions for the pharmacological MRI result of acute l‐THP, we examined acute blood oxygen level‐dependent responses of both 5 and 20 mg/kg l‐THP in naïve rats during general anesthesia achieved with three agents: isoflurane, medetomidine, and urethane. We found that with acute l‐THP administration, isoflurane revealed the smallest blood oxygen level‐dependent activation areas. In addition, urethane had the most activation areas; however, they were all negative. Medetomidine showed mixed positive and negative activations. Region‐specific interactions were found between the l‐THP‐induced blood oxygen level‐dependent responses and the anesthetic agents. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Induction of anaesthesia with halothane and isoflurane in the rabbit: a comparison of the use of a face-mask or an anaesthetic chamber

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Femoral and sciatic nerve blockades and incision site infiltration in rabbits undergoing stifle joint arthrotomy

Femoral and sciatic nerve blockades and incision site infiltration in rabbits undergoing stifle joint arthrotomy

Continuous intravenous anaesthesia with sufentanil and midazolam in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits

Differential effect of isoflurane, medetomidine, and urethane on BOLD responses to acute levo‐tetrahydropalmatine in the rat

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