Induction of apoptosis by diphlorethohydroxycarmalol isolated from brown alga, Ishige okamurae

Djulis (Chenopodiun formosaneum) and its bioactive compounds protect against oxidative stress in human HepG2 cells

“…Many studies note that the mitochondria play an important role in triggering apoptosis via mitochondrial permeability transition (Kang et al, 2012). Therefore, the changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) levels in HepG2 cells are determined using JC-1 fluorescent dye.…”

“…The mitochondrial permeability transition is an important step in the induction of cellular apoptosis. During the process, the phosphatidylserine in the inner membrane is externalized and the electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane collapses (Kang et al, 2012;Lugli et al, 2005). The collapse occurs because of the formation of pores in the mitochondria due to the dimerization of Bax or the activation of proapoptotic proteins, such as Bid, Bak or Bad proteins (Kang et al, 2012), which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and thereby the release of cytochrome C to the cytosol.…”

“…During the process, the phosphatidylserine in the inner membrane is externalized and the electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane collapses (Kang et al, 2012;Lugli et al, 2005). The collapse occurs because of the formation of pores in the mitochondria due to the dimerization of Bax or the activation of proapoptotic proteins, such as Bid, Bak or Bad proteins (Kang et al, 2012), which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and thereby the release of cytochrome C to the cytosol. Cytochrome C functions with Apaf-1 to induce caspase-9, thereby initiating caspase-3, which precedes the onset of apoptosis Johnstone, Ruefli, & Lowe, 2002;Park et al, 2003).…”

Macroalgae of Izmir Gulf: Dictyotaceae exhibit high in vitro anti-cancer activity independent from their antioxidant capabilities

“…Anti-cancer activity of the compounds derived from macroalgae is also studied extensively, demonstrating reduced cell viability and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells (Athukorala et al 2006;Kong et al 2009;Yang et al 2010;Kang et al 2012) and being used in clinical trials to treat different types of cancer (von Schwarzenberg and Vollmar 2013;Beesoo et al 2014). Macroalgal crude extracts or their products have high cytotoxic activity on brain, renal and colon tumors (Fuller et al 1992), inhibit the growth and invasion of several tumor cell lines, impedes lung metastasis and prolongs survival in mice (Hiroishi et al 2001) or lead to apoptotic body formation in the CT-26 murine colon cancer cell line (Athukorala et al 2006).…”

The Biotechnological and Seafood Potential of <i>Stichopus regalis</i>

“…Apoptosis is an important biological mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of the integrity of multi-cellular organisms that is dependent on the expression of cell-intrinsic suicide machinery. The mitochondrial permeability transition is an important step in the induction of cellular apoptosis [28]. The regulation of apoptosis involves a host of molecules, in particular, the expression of Bcl-xL and Bax proteins which are altered with the induction of apoptosis [29].…”