Induction of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for antibodies to matrix and envelope glycoprotein from pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Zhou, En‐Min; Clavijo, Alfonso; Jiang, Zhengjun; Ameri-Mahabadi, Mehrdad; Zimmerman, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.03.007

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This report describes that the presence of monoclonal anti-Id (Mab2-5G2) [23] or aAb2s [16] specific for anti-GP5 antibody interfered with the PRRSV attenuated vaccine, CH-1R, against HP-PRRSV infection. The ability of CH-1R to provide effective protection against a HP-PRRSV infection has been demonstrated in our previous study [24], in which, CH-1R immunization decreased and increased the serum level of IL-10 and IL-4, respectively, along with the increased animal’s health status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies demonstrated that PRRSV infection induced the production of auto-anti-Id (aAb2s) specific for antibodies to the GP5 and M proteins [15,16]. The pigs produced aAb2s during the early stage of infection (35 days post infection) cleared the virus, whereas those pigs who had aAb2s at the later stage of infection (77 days post infection) became virus carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-idiotypic antibodies reduce efficacy of the attenuated vaccine against highly pathogenic PRRSV challenge

Cai

Wang

et al. 2014

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe inability of current vaccines to provide effective protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is not fully understood. One of the reasons might be the presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2s) to the envelope glycoprotein GP5 induced by PRRSV infection since our previous studies demonstrated the presence of auto-Ab2s (aAb2s) in pigs infected with PRRSV. To test this hypothesis, PRRSV negative piglets were injected with a monoclonal Ab2 (Mab2-5G2) and aAb2s that are specific for anti-GP5 antibody, vaccinated with the attenuated PRRSV vaccine CH-1R and then challenged with the highly pathogenic PRRSV HuN4 strain. The animals were evaluated for clinical signs, pathological changes of the thymus and lungs, viremia, levels of serum antibodies and cytokines.ResultsThe piglets injected with Mab2-5G2 or aAb2, and who received the attenuated PRRSV vaccine CH-1R before challenge, produced high levels of anti-N antibodies, IL-2 and IL-4, but low levels of neutralizing antibodies. After PRRSV HuN4 challenge, the animals showed obvious clinical signs, including lung lesions, severe thymus atrophy and decreased production of IL-4 and higher level of viremia.ConclusionWhen anti-GP5 Ab2s are present, the use of attenuated PRRSV vaccine CH-1R against HP-PRRSV infection is not recommended. It can result in poor health status with pneumonia and thymus atrophy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-idiotypic antibodies reduce efficacy of the attenuated vaccine against highly pathogenic PRRSV challenge

Cai

Wang

et al. 2014

BMC Vet Res

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“…In such a scenario, it is possible that MLV vaccination actually places vaccinated herds at increased risk for exacerbation of PRRS by sub-NA-mediated ADE. This type of ADE may be related to the presence of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies that bind directly to NA antibodies against either PRRSV GP5 or M antigens; consequently, such antibodies may exacerbate PRRSV infection ( Jiang et al, 2003 ; Zhou et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Current Licensed Prrsv Vaccines and Vaccines Under Developmementioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Vaccine against PRRSV: Current Progress and Future Perspective

et al. 2017

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), one of the most economically significant pathogens worldwide, has caused numerous outbreaks during the past 30 years. PRRSV infection causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disease in growing and finishing pigs, leading to huge economic losses for the swine industry. This impact has become even more significant with the recent emergence of highly pathogenic PRRSV strains from China, further exacerbating global food security. Since new PRRSV variants are constantly emerging from outbreaks, current strategies for controlling PRRSV have been largely inadequate, even though our understanding of PRRSV virology, evolution and host immune response has been rapidly expanding. Meanwhile, practical experience has revealed numerous safety and efficacy concerns for currently licensed vaccines, such as shedding of modified live virus (MLV), reversion to virulence, recombination between field strains and MLV and failure to elicit protective immunity against heterogeneous virus. Therefore, an effective vaccine against PRRSV infection is urgently needed. Here, we systematically review recent advances in PRRSV vaccine development. Antigenic variations resulting from PRRSV evolution, identification of neutralizing epitopes for heterogeneous isolates, broad neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV, chimeric virus generated by reverse genetics, and novel PRRSV strains with interferon-inducing phenotype will be discussed in detail. Moreover, techniques that could potentially transform current MLV vaccines into a superior vaccine will receive special emphasis, as will new insights for future PRRSV vaccine development. Ultimately, improved PRRSV vaccines may overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines and minimize the PRRS impact to the swine industry.

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“…Furthermore, PRRSV-MLV vaccinated pigs can develop viremia for up to 30 days after vaccination, increasing the risk of vaccine virus transmission to naive animals ( Charerntantanakul, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2013c ). The induction of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection has also be reported in herds vaccinated with MLV ( Jiang et al, 2003 ; Zhou et al, 2004 ). Thus, the need for an alternative therapy that is potent, inexpensive, efficient and effective against PRRSV is critically urgent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Antiviral Strategies of Chinese Herbal Medicine Against PRRSV Infection

et al. 2020

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Bioactive compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) are gradually becoming an effective alternative in the control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) because most of the commercially available PRRSV vaccines cannot provide full protection against the genetically diverse strains isolated from farms. Besides, the incomplete attenuation procedure involved in the production of modified live vaccines (MLV) may cause them to revert to the more virulence forms. TCMs have shown some promising potentials in bridging this gap. Several investigations have revealed that herbal extracts from TCMs contain molecules with significant antiviral activities against the various stages of the life cycle of PRRSV, and they do this through different mechanisms. They either block PRRSV attachment and entry into cells or inhibits the replication of viral RNA or viral particles assembly and release or act as immunomodulators and pathogenic pathway inhibitors through cytokines regulations. Here, we summarized the various antiviral strategies employed by some TCMs against the different stages of the life cycle of PRRSV under two major classes, including direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and indirect-acting antivirals (IAAs). We highlighted their mechanisms of action. In conclusion, we recommended that in making plans for the use of TCMs to control PRRSV, the pathway forward must be built on a real understanding of the mechanisms by which bioactive compounds exert their effects. This will provide a template that will guide the focus of collaborative studies among researchers in the areas of bioinformatics, chemistry, and proteomics. Furthermore, available data and procedures to support the efficacy, safety, and quality control levels of TCMs should be well documented without any breach of data integrity and good manufacturing practices.

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Induction of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for antibodies to matrix and envelope glycoprotein from pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Anti-idiotypic antibodies reduce efficacy of the attenuated vaccine against highly pathogenic PRRSV challenge

Anti-idiotypic antibodies reduce efficacy of the attenuated vaccine against highly pathogenic PRRSV challenge

Improved Vaccine against PRRSV: Current Progress and Future Perspective

Antiviral Strategies of Chinese Herbal Medicine Against PRRSV Infection

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