Induction of Catharanthus roseus Secondary Metabolites When Calotropis procera Was Used as Bio-Stimulant

Abstract

Available information associated with Calotropis procera posted its phytotoxic effect as bio-herbicide scarce works studied its stimulatory/nutritive effect. A pot experiment was performed to assess the validity of using Calotropis procera (C. procera) leaves extract as a bio-stimulant for the growth and quality of a medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) evaluated by some physio-biochemical indices. Different types of C. procera leaves extracts (CLEs) (methanolic, cold water and autoclaved water extracts) were delivered by two different modes of application. The results revealed that application of CLEs as irrigation or foliar spraying caused a stimulation effect on C. roseus plant. Root and shoot length, dry and fresh weight were significantly improved due to CLEs applications. C. roseus bioactive molecules such as anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and α-tocopherol were abundance increased significantly with CLEs applications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased explaining the involvement of CLEs in induction of antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase for modifying cell oxidative status witnessed by lower lipid peroxidation that kept below the untreated plants’ baseline reflected the improvement of growth and quality rather than phytotoxic effect. The promotion of wholesome-promoting secondary metabolites by CLEs was closely correlated to elevated phenylalanineammonialyase activity. The comparable efficient effect induced by all treatments might be judged by the relation between C. procera phytochemicals and C. roseus metabolism (donor-receiver relation). It is concluded that application of CLEs can be a promising approach for improving the yield and quality of plants despite using polluting fertilizers. The current investigation may provide a matrix for coming studies to seek illustration of numerous plants’ response to C. procera extracts.

Attenuating Effect of an Extract of Cd-Hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum on the Growth and Physio-chemical Changes of Datura innoxia Under Cd Stress

“…Moreover, cell elongation, cell division, and an amplification may be repressed by Cd stress as demonstrated by El Rasafi et al ( 2020). Utilizing natural plant extracts has been registered in the literature to underpin the growth of various plants such as wheat (Tomar et al 2015), and venca (Abeed et al 2021). Stimulating impacts of SNE were noticeable owing to the existence of citric acid (CA), ascorbic acid (AsA) and proline (as antioxidants) and some micro and macronutrients (Fe, iron; Zn, zinc; Mg, magnesium) in the plant extract (Table 1).…”

“…The powder was then mixed with bidistilled water in ratio of a weight: volume (W/V) of 1:10 and put in a water bath at 80 °C for 25 min. The fresh extract was filtered through a Watman filter paper and left to cool at room temperature (Abeed et al 2021). The resultant filterate was handled as 100% S. nigrum water leaves extracts and diluted to 50% for the usage as foliar spraying.…”

Overexpression of Terpenoid Biosynthesis Genes Modifies Root Growth and Nodulation in Soybean (Glycine max)

“…Moreover, terpene and terpenoid such as Isomenthol (C11952), Pinocarveol (C01767), α-Terpineol (C11393), Isopulegol (C11951), trans-Linalool oxide (C11389), Levomenthol (C00400), phytol (C05427), Farnesan (C09666) play important roles in various pathways (including Monoterpenoid biosynthesis; KEGG: map00902, Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites; KEGG: map01110, Limonene and pinene degradation; KEGG: map00903, Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids; KEGG:map01062, Metabolic pathways; KEGG: map01100 and Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis; KEGG: map00909) through different biochemical reactions such as (R06420, R03114, R06373, R06374, R06421, R06422, R06417, R06418, R07631, R09702, R09708, R09922, R02177, R02178, R02179, R08530, R08695) (KEGG: , , , , accessed on 28 July 2022). Moreover, certain terpenes cause plant development and growth hence considered as primary metabolites rather than secondary metabolites [ 49 ] ( Table 1 and Figure 9 ). Furthermore, Carotenoids are mainly one of the terpenoids, and carotenoids such as β-Carotene (C02094) play important roles in various pathways (such as Retinol metabolism; KEGG:map00830, Carotenoid biosynthesis; KEGG: map00906, Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites.…”

“…KEGG: map01060, Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids; KEGG: map01062, Biosynthesis of plant hormones; KEGG: map01070, Metabolic pathways; KEGG: map01100, Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites; KEGG: map01110, Biosynthesis of cofactors; KEGG: map01240 and Vitamin digestion and absorption; KEGG:map04977) through various biochemical reactions such as (KEGG: R00032, R03823, R03824, R05345, R07558, R07560, R07857, R08988, R09747, R10282, R10559 and R12179) (KEGG: , , , https://www.genome.jp/pathway/map01062+C02094, , , , accessed on 28 July 2022). Apocarotenoids also include many phytohormones with important functions in plant–environment interactions such as abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SL) [ 49 ] ( Table 1 and Figure 9 ). Particularly, isoprenoids compounds such as, gibberellic acids (GAs), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinins (CKs), abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs) ( , accessed on 25 March 2021) were reported to affect plant growth, nodule formation, and interaction with other microbial communities [ 6 , 21 , 44 , 50 , 51 , 52 ] ( Figure 9 ).…”

Cd Phytoextraction Potential in Halophyte Salicornia fruticosa: Salinity Impact

“…The homogenization of each treatment’s fresh leaves was done in a mortar and pestle with sodium phosphate buffer 0.05 M (pH 7.5). The centrifugation of homogenate was done for 20 min at 10,000 r/min, and the supernatant was used to analyze leaf enzymatic potential, as identified by scanning Glutathione peroxidase (GPX/EC.1.11.1.9, μmol mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC1.11.1.11, μmol mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ), and (SOD/EC.1.15.1.1, μmol mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ), by the methods of Flohé and Günzler [ 51 ], Abeed et al [ 52 ], and Abeed et al [ 53 ], respectively. The peroxidase activity (PO, U mg −1 protein min −1 ) was quantified following enzyme extraction from leaves, as described by Ghanati et al [ 54 ].…”