2004
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.03-1355
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Induction of Cystine-Glutamate Transporter xcby Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transactivator Protein Tat in Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Abstract: Expression of HIV-1 Tat in the retina decreases glutathione levels and increases gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Tat also upregulates the expression of system xc-. Glutathione levels may be decreased and the expression of xc- enhanced in the retina of patients with HIV-1 infection, leading to oxidative stress and excitotoxicity.

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Cited by 41 publications
(45 citation statements)
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“…Earlier immunolocalization studies of intact retinal tissue suggested that system x c -was present in several retinal cell layers including the ganglion cell layer [16]. The presence of system x c -in the cultured RGC-5 cell line has not been reported.…”
Section: Molecular and Functional Evidence For The Expression Of Systmentioning
confidence: 96%
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“…Earlier immunolocalization studies of intact retinal tissue suggested that system x c -was present in several retinal cell layers including the ganglion cell layer [16]. The presence of system x c -in the cultured RGC-5 cell line has not been reported.…”
Section: Molecular and Functional Evidence For The Expression Of Systmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…The cells were solubilized with 0.5 ml of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-0.2N NaOH (SDS/NaOH) and used for determination of radioactivity by liquid scintillation spectrometry (Beckman LS 1701 scintillation counter, Beckman Instruments, Schaumburg, IL). This protocol is the same as described previously from our laboratory for the measurement of system x c -activity in RPE cells [4,16]. Saturation kinetics were analyzed by fitting the data to Michaelis-Menten equation.…”
Section: Measurement Of System X C -Activitymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Neural retina and RPE/eye cup were prepared according to our previously published method [24] and used for preparation of total RNA. RT-PCR was carried out under optimal conditions depending on the nature of the specific PCR primer pairs listed in Table I.…”
Section: Rt-pcrmentioning
confidence: 99%