Induction of defense responses in tobacco by the protein Nep1 from Fusarium oxysporum

Jennings, J. C.; Apel-Birkhold, Patricia C.; Mock, Norton M.; Baker, C. Jacyn; Anderson, James D.; Bailey, Bryan A.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(01)00483-6

Cited by 47 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…ACS6 encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase for ethylene biosynthesis (19,37), and PR1 and PDF1.2 are the marker genes of salicylic acid-and jasmonate acid-dependent defense signaling pathways, respectively (14,16). RT-PCR showed that the infiltration of His-VdNEP rapidly induced the expression of all three genes (Fig.…”

Section: Analysis Of V Dahliae Estsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…They were considered elicitor candidates because they showed similarities to putative microbial elicitors (necrosis-inducing proteins, allergens that were glycoproteins, and proteinases) and because each was predicted to have a eukaryotic signal peptide for protein secretion (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services /SignalP-2.0/). For example, ESTs 01f09 and 03c01 are similar to allergens from Aspergillus fumigatus (5), and EST 07g01 shows sequence similarity to an NEP from Fusarium oxysporum (19).…”

Section: Analysis Of V Dahliae Estsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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VdNEP, an Elicitor from Verticillium dahliae , Induces Cotton Plant Wilting

Wang

Cai

Gou

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

128

110

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Verticillium wilt is a vascular disease of cotton. The causal fungus, Verticillium dahliae, secretes elicitors in culture. We have generated ϳ1,000 5-terminal expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a cultured mycelium of V. dahliae. A number of ESTs were found to encode proteins harboring putative signal peptides for secretion, and their cDNAs were isolated. Heterologous expression led to the identification of a protein with elicitor activities. This protein, named V. dahliae necrosis-and ethylene-inducing protein (VdNEP), is composed of 233 amino acids and has high sequence identities with fungal necrosis-and ethylene-inducing proteins. Infiltration of the bacterially expressed His-VdNEP into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in necrotic lesion formation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the fusion protein also triggered production of reactive oxygen species and induced the expression of PR genes. When added into suspension cultured cells of cotton (Gossypium arboreum), the fusion protein elicited the biosynthesis of gossypol and related sesquiterpene phytoalexins at low concentrations, and it induced cell death at higher concentrations. On cotton cotyledons and leaves, His-VdNEP induced dehydration and wilting, similar to symptoms caused by a crude preparation of V. dahliae elicitors. Northern blotting showed a low level of VdNEP expression in the mycelium during culture. These data suggest that VdNEP is a wilt-inducing factor and that it participates in cotton-V. dahliae interactions.Recognition plays a central role in interactions between plants and their pathogens. Successful pathogens must be able to recognize and overcome host-plant defense responses. Plants also have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to detect a multitude of potential pathogens in their natural environments and to activate diverse defense mechanisms (15). Elicitors are molecules that trigger defense responses in plants, and they play significant roles in the signal exchange between plants and pathogens (33). Diverse plant defense responses induced by elicitors involve de novo synthesis and accumulation of antimicrobial phytoalexins (11, 16), induction of cell death (hypersensitive response) (6, 17, 44), production of activated oxygen species (oxidative burst) (4, 13), and modification of plant cell walls by deposition of callose (41). The structural and cultivar specificity of elicitors and their ability to trigger plant defense responses at very low concentrations strongly suggest the existence of receptors at the plant plasma membrane and a downstream signal transduction cascade (12).Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes wilt disease in a wide range of crops (34), including cotton. The fungus is widespread in most cotton-growing areas and is a major threat to cotton production. Many reports have shown that V. dahliae produces both low-and high-molecularweight phytotoxic metabolites in culture fluids; these secreted substances behave as elicitors inducing phytoalexin formation, as well as the formation of phytotoxin...

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Section: Analysis Of V Dahliae Estsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Analysis Of V Dahliae Estsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VdNEP, an Elicitor from Verticillium dahliae , Induces Cotton Plant Wilting

Wang

Cai

Gou

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

128

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1H). Nep1 penetrates plant tissues via openings such as stomata, hydathodes, or wounds (Bailey et al, 2000;Jennings et al, 2001). Developing roots have many penetration points, including areas where lateral roots emerge and root tips that resemble wounded tissues (Scheres et al, 2001).…”

Section: Nep1 Inhibits Seedling Growth and Root Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Nep1 was unable to penetrate the casparian strip and enter the xylem of unwounded roots. Nep1 was shown to be transported through the xylem if access to this tissue was available (Jennings et al, 2001). Etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings have unexpanded cotyledons with minimal mature stomata, thereby limiting penetration of Nep1 through these points (Nadeau and Sack, 2001).…”

Section: Nep1 Inhibits Seedling Growth and Root Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant responses to Nep1 include induction of pathogenrelated (PR) genes, changes in K 1 and H 1 channel fluxes, callose apposition, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene, altered cell respiration, the hypersensitive response, and localized cell death (Jennings et al, 2001;Fellbrich et al, 2002;Keates et al, 2003). In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Nep1 caused the breakdown of the cuticle layer and internal chloroplast membrane structures 1 to 4 h after treatment began (Keates et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Necrosis- and Ethylene-Inducing Peptide from Fusarium oxysporum Induces a Complex Cascade of Transcripts Associated with Signal Transduction and Cell Death in Arabidopsis

et al. 2006

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Treatment of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with a necrosis-and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1) from Fusarium oxysporum inhibited both root and cotyledon growth and triggered cell death, thereby generating necrotic spots. Nep1-like proteins are produced by divergent microbes, many of which are plant pathogens. Nep1 in the plant was localized to the cell wall and cytosol based on immunolocalization results. The ratio of chlorophyll a fluorescence (F685 nm/F730 nm) significantly decreased after 75-min treatment with Nep1 in comparison to the control. This suggested that a short-term compensation of photosynthesis occurred in response to localized damage to cells. The concentrations of most water-soluble metabolites analyzed were reduced in Arabidopsis seedlings after 6 h of Nep1 treatment, indicating that the integrity of cellular membranes had failed. Microarray results showed that short-term treatment with Nep1 altered expression of numerous genes encoding proteins putatively localized to organelles, especially the chloroplast and mitochondria. Short-term treatment with Nep1 induced multiple classes of genes involved in reactive oxygen species production, signal transduction, ethylene biosynthesis, membrane modification, apoptosis, and stress. Quantitative PCR was used to confirm the induction of genes localized in the chloroplast, mitochondria, and plasma membrane, and genes responsive to calcium/calmodulin complexes, ethylene, jasmonate, ethylene biosynthesis, WRKY, and cell death. The majority of Nep1-induced genes has been associated with general stress responses but has not been critically linked to resistance to plant disease. These results are consistent with Nep1 facilitating cell death as a component of diseases caused by necrotrophic plant pathogens.

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2006

The Fusarium Laboratory Manual

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Induction of defense responses in tobacco by the protein Nep1 from Fusarium oxysporum

Cited by 47 publications

References 64 publications

VdNEP, an Elicitor from Verticillium dahliae , Induces Cotton Plant Wilting

VdNEP, an Elicitor from Verticillium dahliae , Induces Cotton Plant Wilting

Necrosis- and Ethylene-Inducing Peptide from Fusarium oxysporum Induces a Complex Cascade of Transcripts Associated with Signal Transduction and Cell Death in Arabidopsis

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