Induction of direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

RETRACTED: Characterization of capsaicin synthase and identification of its gene ( csy1 ) for pungency factor capsaicin in pepper ( Capsicum sp.)

“…Although chili belongs to the Solanaceae family, whose members are otherwise easily amenable to tissue culture and transformation practices, it is highly recalcitrant. Few reports of chili plant regeneration through organogenesis (27,28) or embryogenesis (29,30) are available. However, these reports are genotype-specific and, consequently, the regeneration protocol, as well as viable transformation, has to be established for each commercial cultivar for exploiting the potential of genetic engineering.…”

Indirect somatic embryogenesis and morphohistological analysis in Capsicum chinense

“…In Capsicum annuum, somatic embryogenesis has been attained using immature (Harini & Sita 1993;Binzel et al 1996) or mature ZES (Buyukalaca & Mavituna 1996), and the present study showed that ZES are a viable alternative for somatic embryogenesis induction in C. chinense. One of the advantages of this type of explant is that dried seeds can be stored easily and will be available as needed (Steinitz et al 2003).…”

“…In the Capsicum genus, the most commonly used auxin is 2,4-D, alone or in combination with BAP or thidiazuron (Harini & Sita 1993;Binzel et al 1996;Buyukalaca & Mavituna 1996;Kintzios et al 2001;Steinitz et al 2003;López-Puc et al 2006;Zapata-Castillo et al 2007). …”

“…Shoot buds and rosettes are not well-formed during the induction step, perhaps because of a lack of true apical meristems (Binzel et al 1996;Ochoa-Alejo & Ramírez-Malagón 2001;Steinitz et al 2003). Somatic embryogenesis is a process in which a bipolar structure similar to a zygotic embryo is developed from a non-zygotic cell with no vascular connection to the original tissue (Von Arnold et al 2002).…”

Somatic Embryogenesis in Recalcitrant Plants

“…Shoot buds and rosettes are not well formed during the induction step, perhaps because of a lack of true apical meristems (Binzel et al, 1996; Ochoa-Alejo and Ramírez-Malagón 2001; Steinitz et al, 2003).…”