Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Thomas, Dominic; Wu, Ting; Cottagiri, Merylin; Nyandjo, Maeva; Njoku, Dolores B.

doi:10.3791/59174

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…This discrepancy likely arose because of the different sexes of the experimental mice, as discussed in a previous study (61). However, using a drug-induced AIH mouse model, one study showed that IL-33-induced Tregs confer protection against liver damage in both female and male mice (90). Furthermore, several studies have indicated that Tregs behave differently inside and outside of the hepatic microenvironment.…”

Section: The Role Of Tregs In Aih Tregs In Aih Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Unveiling Their Roles in Mouse Models and Patients

et al. 2020

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe and chronic liver disease, and its incidence has increased worldwide in recent years. Research into the pathogenesis of AIH remains limited largely owing to the lack of suitable mouse models. The concanavalin A (ConA) mouse model is a typical and well-established model used to investigate T cell-dependent liver injury. However, ConA-induced hepatitis is acute and usually disappears after 48 h; thus, it does not mimic the pathogenesis of AIH in the human body. Several studies have explored various AIH mouse models, but as yet there is no widely accepted and valid mouse model for AIH. Immunosuppression is the standard clinical therapy for AIH, but patient side effects and recurrence limit its use. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for AIH therapy. However, the role of Tregs in AIH has not yet been clarified, partly because of difficulties in diagnosing AIH and in collecting patient samples. In this review, we discuss the studies related to Treg in various AIH mouse models and patients with AIH and provide some novel insights for this research area.

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Section: The Role Of Tregs In Aih Tregs In Aih Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Unveiling Their Roles in Mouse Models and Patients

et al. 2020

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“…BALB/c mice are known to more easily induce Th2 responses after infection or immunization than B6 mice [ 30 , 31 ]. These mice have been widely used in the research fields of oncology [ 32 , 33 ], inflammation [ 34 , 35 ], and autoimmune disease [ 36 , 37 ]. FVB mice are highly sensitive to renal glomerular disease [ 38 , 39 , 40 ] and useful for searching for nephropathy-related genes [ 39 ] and studies of renal disease [ 38 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The versatile electric condition in mouse embryos for genome editing using a three-step square-wave pulse electroporator

et al. 2022

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Technique for Animal Knockout system by Electroporation (TAKE) is a simple and efficient method to generate genetically modified (GM) mice using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) systems. To reinforce the versatility of electroporation used for gene editing in mice, the electric condition was optimized for vitrified-warmed mouse embryos, and applied to the fresh embryos from widely used inbred strains (C57BL/6NCr, BALB/cCrSlc, FVB/NJcl, and C3H/HeJJcl). The electric pulse settings (poring pulse: voltage, 150 V; pulse width, 1.0 ms; pulse interval, 50 ms; number of pulses, +4; transfer pulse: voltage, 20 V; pulse width, 50 ms; pulse interval, 50 ms; number of pulses, ±5) were optimal for vitrified-warmed mouse embryos, which could efficiently deliver the gRNA/Cas9 complex into the zygotes without zona pellucida thinning process and edit the target locus. These electric condition efficiently generated GM mice in widely used inbred mouse strains. In addition, electroporation using the electrode with a 5 mm gap could introduce more than 100 embryos within 5 min without specific pretreatment and sophisticated technical skills, such as microinjection, and exhibited a high developmental rate of embryos and genomeediting efficiency in the generated offspring, leading to the rapid and efficient generation of genome editing mice. The electric condition used in this study is highly versatile and can contribute to understanding human diseases and gene functions by generating GM mice more easily and efficiently.

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“…Histopathological examination of various organs (spleen, kidney, lung, and pancreas) was also performed to evaluate possible extra-hepatic inflammations. The sections were subsequently scored for inflammation and injury as previously described 17,18 . Grade 0=no inflammation or necrosis; Grade 1= minor lobular inflammation with no necrosis; Grade 2= lobular inflammation involving<50% of the section; Grade 3=lobular inflammation involving ≥ 50% of the section; and Grade 4=inflammation with necrosis.…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Murine Model of Type 2 Autoimmune Hepatitis Using a Human Liver Protein

Thomas-Dupont

Grube-Pagola

Izaguirre-Hernández

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Pathology

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Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Unveiling Their Roles in Mouse Models and Patients

Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Unveiling Their Roles in Mouse Models and Patients

The versatile electric condition in mouse embryos for genome editing using a three-step square-wave pulse electroporator

Development of a New Murine Model of Type 2 Autoimmune Hepatitis Using a Human Liver Protein

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