Induction of Early Immunopotentiation to Fimbriae of Salmonella Enteritidis(SE) by Administering Thymulin and Zinc to SE-Vaccinated Chicken Breeders: Relationship to Protection.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to attempt the induction of early immunopotentiation of antibodies specific to fimbriae of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE), by administering thymulin and zinc to SE-vaccinated chicken breeders, and the improvement of protection against a controlled-live challenge by SE. The first two groups of breeders were administered subcutaneously at 15 and 19 weeks of age a killed SE vaccine. Breeders of the third and fourth groups were left unvaccinated. Breeders of the first group, immunopotentiated by thymulin and zinc, were able to induce the earliest antibodies in their pooled sera at 2 weeks post the first SE-vaccination, specific to fimbriae (approximately 21 KDa) of SE. However, the second group that was only vaccinated with the same SE-vaccine produced specific antibodies to fimbriae at 3 weeks following the second vaccination (22 weeks of age). Breeders of the third group, that were neither SE-vaccinated nor immunopotentiated by thymulin and zinc, but were challenged by live SE at 22 weeks of age, were able to show specific antibodies to fimbriae at 3 weeks post challenge (25 weeks of age). The fourth group that was deprived of SE-vaccination, immunopotentiators, and challenge didn't show any background antibodies specific to SE-fimbriae. The presence of the earliest antibody-immunopotentiation to fimbriae of SE in breeders of the first group, administered thymulin and zinc, was associated with the lowest frequency of SE-infected ceca (10%) among the challenged groups. In addition, breeders of the first group were the only challenged birds resulting in absence of SE infection in their cecal tonsils. The first group-vaccinated, immunopotentiated, and challenged, and the second group-vaccinated and challenged only resulted in breeders with absence of SE infection in their oviducts and spleens. In conclusion, immunopotentiation of chicken breeders by thymulin and zinc induces the earliest specific antibodies to fimbriae of SE associated with the lowest frequency of SE-infected ceca, and absence of SE infection from cecal tonsils, oviducts and spleens.

Preliminary comparison of different immune and production components in local and imported Saanen goats reared under a sub-tropical environment

“…The significant high mean blood-CD8 cell count in local mature males compared to the lower means of the other four groups of goats (p<0.05) could indicate a higher immune potential in the local mature males in resisting viral, intracellular infections and in higher protection against neoplastic diseases (Rao 2006;Ponti et al 2008). On the contrary, the significantly lower percent of blood monocytes in the local mature males compared to local female kids and Saanen female kids (p<0.05) could reduce their potential of phagocytosis (Barbour et al 2000;Meyers 2007;Paul 2008). Moreover, the significantly higher mean of the total white blood cell (TWBC) count in local female kids compared to the other five groups of goats (p<0.05), associated with the highest percent of monocytes, could help these kids to survive microorganisms challenges in their sub-tropical environment (Decker 2000;Paul 2008).…”

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of biosecurity and vaccination in reducing Salmonella spp. in broiler chickens

“…Of the two studies examining a killed Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine, one (Barbour et al, 2000) involved vaccination of broilerbreeders with the outcome measured in the same birds, while in the second study (Inoue, Berchieri, Bernardino, Paiva, & Sterzo, 2008) the breeders were vaccinated while the outcome was measured in their offspring. For this reason it was not deemed appropriate to combine these studies in a meta-analysis.…”

“…Author ( Richardson et al (2003) Chicks from hens in room with electrostatic Charger 9/20 1/20 cecal Rigby and Pettit (1980) Transport in dirty crates 22/24 g 6/24 cecal 4/24 h 5/24 Barbour et al (2000) Killed Salmonella Enteritidis 2/9 3/9 cecal Bohez et al (2008) Live Muir et al (1998) Killed Salmonella Typhimurium 10/10 7/7 cecal Vielitz et al (1992) Live Salmonella Typhimurium 0/4 1/18 cecal Wray et al (1983) Live Salmonella Typhimurium 2/3 0/1 cecal 5/97 3/95 Young et al (2007) Live (2001). We calculated a range of risk differences using the range of ACRs for broilers on the grow-out farm also reported by Bailey et al (2001): 2.1% and 8.9%.…”

Comparison of live and inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines containing different combinations of SPI-1 and SPI-2 antigens in poultry

“…For this reason different vaccination schemes (Nassar et al, 1994), modes of application (Thatte et al, 1995) or adjuvans (Giannati-Stefanou et al, 1999;Barbou et al, 2000) have been tested with the aim of further improving their efficacy. Another property of inactivated vaccines which impacts on their efficacy is their composition.…”

“…Another property of inactivated vaccines which impacts on their efficacy is their composition. That is why vaccines containing outer membrane proteins, fimbriae, or proteins induced by iron limitation have been produced and tested (Barbou et al, 2000;Clifton-Hadley et al, 2002;Woodward et al, 2002;Khan et al, 2003).…”