Induction of heartwood formation in young Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) by gas elicitors

Abstract

Induction of heartwood formation in 6-year-old Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) trees by treatment with carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrogen, and wounding was investigated. All treatments induced fragrant heartwood formation upward and downward from the drill hole. The amount of heartwood formed above and below the drill hole depended on the treatment in the order nitrogen>carbon dioxide>ethylene>wounding, whereas the radial extension proportion was, in order, nitrogen>carbon dioxide>ethylene=wounding. Based on the chemical analysis (GC–MS) and evaluation of the essential oil quality and heartwood properties, heartwood induced by carbon dioxide showed the maximum similarities to naturally formed heartwood, which included the same color, similar chemical composition, reasonable oil content, and quality essential oil, whereas ethylene, nitrogen, and wounding treatment showed fewer similarities to natural heartwood. The results suggest that carbon dioxide is a promising candidate gas elicitor for inducing heartwood formation in young S. album.

Water, starch, and nuclear behavior in ray parenchyma during heartwood formation of Catalpa bungei ‘Jinsi’

“…We attempt to correlate structural observations on different xylem tissues with starch grains, water distribution, and nuclei availability ( Table 2 ). However, correlation did not explain the causes of HW formation involving many interconnected anatomical, chemical and physiological processes [ 18 , 23 , 53 ]. Future studies should track extractives across the xylem to better understand where extractives are formed.…”