Induction of histopathological lesions in renal tissue of the fish Labeo rohita upon exposure to municipal wastewater of Tung Dhab Drain, Amritsar, India

Abstract

Labeo rohita were subjected to chronic (15, 30, and 60 days) and recovery (60 days) experiments for kidney histopathology studies using sublethal concentrations (35.4%, 26.6%, and 17.7%) of municipal wastewater collected from Tung Dhab Drain, Amritsar, India. Control fish were maintained simultaneously using laboratory tap water, and exhibited normal structures. The results exhibited both dose-and duration-dependent alterations in exposed tissues. The mean degree of tissue change (DTC) values in treated groups ranged from 37.5 ± 6.60 (17.7%, 15 days) to 149.33 ± 7.75 (35.4%, 60 days), demonstrating reparable to irreparable structural changes. The recorded observations showed changes in tubules that included nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation, narrowing of the tubular lumen (stage I), hyaline droplet degeneration, occlusion of the tubular lumen (stage II), and tubular necrosis (stage III). Clear damage was also witnessed in corpuscles that included enlargement of glomerulus, dilatation of glomerular capillaries (stage I), and reduction of Bowman's space (stage II). The recovery experiments showed statistically significant improvement, as the intensity of damage was less than that recorded after 60 days of treatment. The present study indicates toxicity of drain water at the cellular and organ levels, and recommends the use of kidney histopathology as an analytical tool in toxicology and water surveillance studies.

[Retracted] Investigation on Immune‐Related Protein (Heat Shock Proteins and Metallothionein) Gene Expression Changes and Liver Histopathology in Cadmium‐Stressed Fish

“…In the current investigation, the liver of exposed fish showed histopathological alteration such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, necrosis, dilated sinusoids, inflammation, hemorrhages, pigmented cell rupture, focal area of necrosis, partial degeneration of hepatic mass, pyknotic nuclei, and congestion of central vein. The results are in accordance with [ 49 ] who described the similar histological alterations in the liver of fish, Channa punctatus , due to toxicant exposure. Progressive changes in the liver of exposed fish were hypertrophy, hyperplasia (enlargement of tissue by greater number of cells without change in volume of cells), and dilated sinusoids reported by the present study.…”

Histopathological analysis of selected organs of Oreochromis niloticus due to sub-lethal industrial effluents exposure

“…In the exposed fish, structural damage varied from mild (3 days), moderate (15 days) and severe (6 months). The identified degree of tissue alteration values is consistent with previous studies that treated Labeo rohita with chronic wastewater exposure, as reported by (11). Shrinkage, destruction of tubular epithelium, vacuolization, and glomerulus injury are some of the other histological abnormalities seen in the kidney.…”

“…Fish exposed to chemical pollutants had a variety of lesions in various organs (29). Muscle (30), kidney (11), and heart (31) are good organs to examine histologically to check how pollution affects them.…”

“…Histopathological study has proved to be an extremely sensitive metric for detecting cellular changes in target organs (11). Histopathological biomarkers have a variety of advantages when it comes to detecting long-term damage in aquatic species, and they're probably the easiest chronic biomarkers to apply in aquatic biology.…”

Fish liver damage related to the wastewater treatment plant effluents

“…Pigmentation may vary from yellow to dark brown and black. In vicinity of blood vessels Eelpout ( Zoarces viviparous )—native, spotted snakehead ( Channa punctata ) -laboratory; Silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen )—caged; spottail shiner ( Notropis hudsonius ) -native; carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), sharptooth catfish ( Clarias gariepinus )—native; dab ( Limanda limanda )—native; flounder ( Platichthys flesus ), ruffe ( Gymnocephalus cernua ), smelt ( Osmerus eperlanus )—native Wagenaar and Barnhoorn ( 2018 ); Lang et al ( 2017 ); Marcogliese et al ( 2015 ); Oliveira et al ( 2015 ); Kaur and Dua ( 2014 ); Fricke et al ( 2012 ); Agius and Roberts ( 2003 ); Peters et al ( 1987 ) Hemosiderosis Hepatocellular accumulation of brown pigment hemosiderin, containing ferric ion Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus )—laboratory, eelpout—native, flatfish—native, buffalo fish ( Ictiobus spp. )—native Subburaj et al ( 2020 ); Fricke et al ( 2012 ); Khan ( 2003 ); Thiyagarajah et al ( 1998 ) Lymphocytic or monocytic infiltration Diffusion or accumulation of lymphocytes or monocytes in hepatic tissue Eelpout—native, carp -native, sharptooth catfish—native, dab—native, Prussian carp—native Wagenaar and Barnhoorn ( 2018 ); Lang et al ( 2017 ); Topić Popović et al ( 2016 ); Fricke et al ( 2012 ) Glycogen content variability Glycogen appears as hepatocellular vacuolization.…”