“…TNF-is an angiogenic molecule produced by hypoxic monocytes/macrophages (Yun, et al, 1997) and is a likely mediator of retinal neovascularization/revascularization. It has been reported that TNF-level is higher in patients with PDR (Limb, et al, 2001), and we have detected this molecule in the macrophages/BM-MLCs in murine OIR (Yoshida, et al, 2004). Moreover, we have demonstrated that TNF-up-reguletes the production of IL-8, VEGF, bFGF, or MCP-1 in retinal vascular cells and/or glial cells adjacent to microvessels triggering neovascularization/revascularization in an autocrine or paracrine manner (Yoshida, et al, 2004;Yoshida, et al, 1997).…”