Induction of immunoglobulin G1, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐10 by Taenia crassiceps metacestode carbohydrates

Abstract

SUMMARYT helper type 2 (Th2) -polarized immune responses are characteristically dominant in helminth infections. Two murine models that show a Th1 to Th2 polarization with infection progression are those of Schistosoma mansoni and Taenia crassiceps. In both, an early Th1 response is replaced by a late Th2 response. We report that the nucleic acid-, protein-and lipid-free carbohydrate fraction of T. crassiceps metacestodes (denoted T-CHO) possesses Th2-like immunomodulatory activity. Immunization of two strains of rats (Dark Agouti and Albino Oxford) and BALB/c mice with chicken albumin in the presence of T-CHO resulted in selective enhancement of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies, considered to be associated with Th2 responses in both rats and mice. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) followed by IL-10 were the dominant cytokines detected in in vitro cultures of mouse spleen cells stimulated with T-CHO. IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected in these culture supernates. Furthermore, Taenia carbohydrates were mitogenic to spleen cells, activated serine phosphorylation of proteins and up-regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. When mouse spleen cells were cultured in the presence of Taenia carbohydrates, a concentrationdependent down-regulation of IL-2 and an overlapping up-regulation of IL-6 secretion were seen.

Arginase in Parasitic Infections: Macrophage Activation, Immunosuppression, and Intracellular Signals

“…However, in chronic stages, the Th2 response results in AaM ϕ s, that exhibit arginase activity [ 33 ]. It have been reported that carbohydrates present in T. crassiceps can produce the detrimental change from Th1 response towards Th2 during this infection [ 38 ]. Besides, it was demonstrated that previous infection of mice with the T. crassiceps favors parasitemia and induces larger cutaneous lesions during both Leishmania major and Leishmania mexicana coinfections.…”

Taenia solium metacestode antigens which are protective for pigs induce Th1/Th2 mixed responses in mice

“…It has been reported that T. crassiceps metacestode carbohydrates induce the production of IL-6 and IL-10 with the absence of IL-4 and IL-5 (Dissanayake et al 2002). Moreover, IL-10 inhibits IL-4 induced IgE synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy and allergic patients (Punnonen et al 1993;Jeannin et al 1998), and induces apoptosis in eosinophils (Takanaski et al 1994).…”

In vitro antigen presenting cell‐derived IL‐10 and IL‐6 correlate with Trichuris muris isolate‐specific survival

“…The high levels of IL-10 and IL-6 secreted by these cells may underlie in part how the S isolate survives within the C57BL/6 host. Indeed, the induction of IL-10 and/or IL-6 in vivo and in vitro has been suggested to aid parasite survival or control host pathology ( 31 – 33 ). IL-10 is a regulatory cytokine ( 34 ).…”