Induction of intermediate mesoderm by retinoic acid receptor signaling from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells

Generation of functional podocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells

“…The derivation of podocytes from pluripotent stem cells is an attractive alternative and an inexhaustible source of podocytes. Recently, different protocols for iPSC commitment towards renal progenitor cells through the activation of Wnt, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and retinoic acid (RA) pathways involved in the induction of the intermediate mesoderm (IM) and subsequently in the metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud cells have been reported (Batchelder et al, 2009, Imberti et al, 2015, Kim and Dressler, 2005, Mae et al, 2010, Mae et al, 2013, Oeda et al, 2013, Taguchi et al, 2014, Takasato et al, 2014, Xia et al, 2013). The feasibility of deriving more mature kidney cells from pluripotent stem cells has also been demonstrated (Kang and Han, 2014, Kobayashi et al, 2005, Lam et al, 2014, Song et al, 2012).…”

Efficient and Rapid Induction of Human iPSCs/ESCs into Nephrogenic Intermediate Mesoderm Using Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Methods

“…To determine which RAR and RXR isotypes are activated during human IM cell differentiation by the small molecule method, we examined the effects of three RAR agonists, ATRA, adapalene, and CD1530; three RAR antagonists, BMS493, LE135, and MM11253; one RXR agonist, SR11237; and one RXR antagonist, UVI3003, whose affinities to the RAR and RXR isotypes are concentration-dependent (Table S1) [46]–[49]. It has been reported that signals through RAR, but not through RXR, are involved in the mESC differentiation into IM cells [29]. In addition, TTNPB and AM580 are known to be RAR agonists, so we first examined the roles of RAR signaling pathways.…”

“…RA treatments have been used to induce pronephric tissues in vitro from an animal cap [23]–[25], and to induce renal lineage cells from mESCs [26]–[28] and hESCs/iPSCs [30], [31]. A recent report has described the involvement of signaling through RAR, but not through RXR, in the mESC differentiation into IM cells [29]. However, the roles and mechanisms of RA signaling in the differentiation of renal lineage cells have not been fully elucidated, especially in human.…”

“…In vitro differentiation of the undifferentiated cell mass in the fertilized eggs of amphibians such as Xenopus laevis [23]–[25], mESCs [26]–[29] and hESCs/iPSCs [30], [31] into renal lineages has been stimulated using retinoic acid (RA). However, the roles and mechanisms of RA signaling have remained unclear.…”

Translational Research Methods: Renal Stem Cells

“…Oeda et al established a differentiation protocol from mouse ESCs into IM cells by treatment with activin A and RA under defined, serum-free, adherent, monolayer culture conditions [148]. These mesoderm cells integrated into laminin(+) tubular cells and Pax2(+) renal cells when co-cultured with Pediatric Nephrology DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-27843-3_16-1 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 embryonic kidneys in organ cultures.…”