Induction of lateral branches in tree fruit nursery stock with propyl 3-t-butylphenoxy acetate (MB 25, 105) and Promalin (GA4+7 + 6-benzyladenine)

Cody, Charles; Larsen, Fenton E.; Fritts, Robert

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(85)90003-2

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The development of an equivalent central leader in height after treatment is a critical feature of any branch-induction product for use in the nursery, where a strong central axis carrying several well-developed lateral shoots is the desired tree structure. Numerous chemical-pinching agents have been evaluated for stimulation of lateral branching of apple in the nursery but have not become commercially important in part because they tend to damage the shoot tip, thereby destroying that preferred tree structure (Cody et al, 1985a(Cody et al, , 1985bElfving, 1985;Elfving and Forshey, 1978;Hibbitt and Hardisty, 1979;Johann, 1983;Larsen 1979;Plich and Basak, 1978;Plich and Hegazi, 1977;Quinlan, 1978aQuinlan, , 1978bQuinlan, , 1981Preston, 1973, 1978;Strydom and Honeyborne, 1980;van Oosten, 1981;Wertheim, 1978). Observations in 2001 indicated that applications of CYC to 'Fuji' trees resulted in undesirable effects on the small crop produced that year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid development of lateral branching in apple trees favors early and increased yields (Ferree and Rhodus, 1987;Preston, 1968;Quinlan, 1978bQuinlan, , 1981Quinlan and Preston, 1978;van Oosten, 1978van Oosten, , 1981Wertheim, 1978). Bioregulators with cytokinin-like activity or which interact with auxin-mediated effects are capable of stimulating lateral shoot development in apple trees under both nursery and orchard conditions (Baldini et al, 1973;Basak et al, 1993;Cody et al, 1985aCody et al, , 1985bElfving, 1984Elfving, , 1985Elfving and Forshey, 1978;Forshey, 1982;Greene and Autio, 1990;Jacyna, 1996;Johann, 1983;Koen et al, 1989;Larsen 1979;Miller, 1985;Plich and Basak, 1978;Quinlan, 1981;Quinlan and Tobutt, 1990;Unrath and Shaltout, 1985;Volz et al, 1994;Wertheim and Estabrooks, 1994;Williams and Billingsley, 1970). Although several products that alter auxin metabolism have been tested for branch induction in apple, none has become commercially significant (Cody et al, 1985b;Elfving, 1985;Elfving and Forshey, 1978;Hibbitt and Hardisty, 1979;Johann, 1983;Larsen 1979;Plich and Basak, 1978;Plich and Hegazi, 1977;Qui...…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioregulators with cytokinin-like activity or which interact with auxin-mediated effects are capable of stimulating lateral shoot development in apple trees under both nursery and orchard conditions (Baldini et al, 1973;Basak et al, 1993;Cody et al, 1985aCody et al, , 1985bElfving, 1984Elfving, , 1985Elfving and Forshey, 1978;Forshey, 1982;Greene and Autio, 1990;Jacyna, 1996;Johann, 1983;Koen et al, 1989;Larsen 1979;Miller, 1985;Plich and Basak, 1978;Quinlan, 1981;Quinlan and Tobutt, 1990;Unrath and Shaltout, 1985;Volz et al, 1994;Wertheim and Estabrooks, 1994;Williams and Billingsley, 1970). Although several products that alter auxin metabolism have been tested for branch induction in apple, none has become commercially significant (Cody et al, 1985b;Elfving, 1985;Elfving and Forshey, 1978;Hibbitt and Hardisty, 1979;Johann, 1983;Larsen 1979;Plich and Basak, 1978;Plich and Hegazi, 1977;Quinlan, 1978aQuinlan, , 1978bQuinlan, , 1981Preston, 1973, 1978;Strydom and Honeyborne, 1980;van Oosten, 1981;Wertheim, 1978). Proprietary mixtures of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and gibberellic acid isomers GA 4 and GA 7 (GA 4+7 ) are used commercially by some nurseries for branch induction (feathering) of apple, but these products do not produce satisfactory lateral branch development on all t...…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Branching in Apple Trees

Elfving¹,

Visser²

2005

HortSci

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A new bioregulator, cyclanilide (CYC, Bayer Environmental Science, Montvale, N.J.), was tested for growth-related effects on apple trees over three years. Although treatment with CYC produced small reductions in shoot length, its principal effect was to stimulate the formation of lateral shoots on current-season's shoot growth and from spurs on older wood. CYC treatment of `Scarletspur Delicious' apple trees in the nursery more than doubled the formation of well-developed feathers with wide crotch angles (≈60°) and with no effect on final tree height. CYC appeared to flatten the apples and reduce fruit size in one trial. CYC appears promising for lateral branch induction in apple, especially in the nursery. Chemical names used: 1-(2,4-dichlorophenylaminocarbonyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (Cyclanilide); calcium 3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-4-propionylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylate (prohexadione-Ca, Apogee); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine + gibberellins A4A7 (Promalin); polyoxyethylenepolypropoxypropanol, dihydroxypropane, 2-butoxyethanol (Regulaid).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Branching in Apple Trees

Elfving¹,

Visser²

2005

HortSci

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“…Trees do not have any lateral branch when treatments applied. The upper 20 cm of actively growing scion shoots with leaves were sprayed with atomizer-type hand sprayers (Cody et al, 1985).…”

Section: Experimental 2 Arbolin Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Lateral Branching in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L. cvs. “Siah Mashhad” & “Dovomras”) Trees in Nursery

Moghadam

Zamanipour²

2013

JAS

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This study was carried out in two independent experiments on one year old sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. cvs. "Siah Mashhad" and "Dovomras") nursery trees with the main purpose of improving lateral shoot formation and increasing the quality of trees. In the first experiment, heading treatments (0, 40, 60 and 80 cm above ground) and in the second experiment, Arbolin treatments (0, 5, 15, 25 mL·L -1 ) was investigated. Trees were treated with foliar sprays of Arbolin in 2 times at 7-days intervals in mid-June. At the end of the growing season, the tree quality was measured on the basis of their diameter and height of trees, number, length and angels of lateral shoots. A factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with 3 replications where each plot contained 10 trees. Results showed that all of the treatments increased the number of laterals in comparison with the control. The cultivars had different response to the treatments. Heading in 60 cm was the best treatment for improving total number of lateral shoots. The result of second experiment showed that there were significant differences between cultivars and Arbolin treatments. The number of lateral shoots enhanced with application of higher concentrations and repeated Arbolin treatments in both cultivars. Arbolin treatments had more significant effect on the number and length of lateral shoots than heading treatments.

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“…The goal of modern high-density orchard systems is to achieve high yield at early tree age (Cody et al, 1985;Jaumien et al, 1993;Theron et al, 2000).…”

Section: Badiu Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of cultivar, rootstock and culture system on growth and yield in apple

et al. 2015

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The influence of two apple rootstocks (M9 and MM106) on growth and yielding of four apple cultivars ("Pinova"‚ "Topaz", "Florina" and "Golden Reinders") in two culture system was studied. The experiment was placed in a commercial orchard at SC Agroindustriala Cluj-Napoca Romania, planted in 2007, during 2012-2104. In the experimental field some growth parameters (length of annual shoots, trunk cross-sectional area, tree height) and fructification (average yield and productivity index) were observed. The studied cultivars had a different response due to the genetic characteristic of each one and on the other hand, due to the rootstock. The results showed that MM 106 transmit much strongly growth than M9. The longest shoots, in terms of mean values, gave the variants where the cultivars were grafted on MM106 (53 cm) and the shortest (34.4 cm) on M9. The biggest average height of trees were obtained on MM 106 rootstock (290 cm). The smallest average trees height were registered by the variants where the trees were grafted on M9 (239 cm). The biggest average trunk cross sectional area were obtained with the MM106 (102.1 cm2). The best yield was obtained in variant where the cultivars were grafted on M9 (47.03 t/ha). M9 rootstock has controlled the tree size of all cultivars more than MM106 resulting in the lowest TCSA (58.8 cm 2 ) and the highest yield per hectar (47.03 tone/ha) and yield efficiency (925 kg/cm 2 ).

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Induction of lateral branches in tree fruit nursery stock with propyl 3-t-butylphenoxy acetate (MB 25, 105) and Promalin (GA4+7 + 6-benzyladenine)

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Branching in Apple Trees

Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Branching in Apple Trees

Induction of Lateral Branching in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L. cvs. “Siah Mashhad” & “Dovomras”) Trees in Nursery

The Influence of cultivar, rootstock and culture system on growth and yield in apple

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