Induction of liver monooxygenases by β-myrcene

De-Oliveira, A.C.A.X.; Pinto, Luís Felipe Ribeiro; Otto, SA; Gonçalves, Aline Ferreira Lima; Paumgartten, Francisco José Roma

doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00144-3

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Since the origin of bixin added to the diet in the Jewell and OBriens study was a commercial annatto extract (Annatto R35) containing only 42 g of bixin per kg of powder (4.2% of bixin), enzyme induction could have been due to impurities or constituents of the extract other than bixin. Inducers of CYP1A and 2B have been found in cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts) and garlic (Allium species), and in the essential oils of a large variety of plants (12,19,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Induction of liver monooxygenases by annatto and bixin in female rats

De-Oliveira

Silva

Manhães-Rocha

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Annatto or urucum is an orange-yellow dye obtained from Bixa orellana seeds. It has been used as a natural dye in a variety of food products, drugs and cosmetics, and also in Brazilian cuisine as a condiment (colorau). Bixin, a carotenoid devoid of provitamin A activity, is the main pigment found in annatto. Some carotenoids (canthaxanthin, astaxanthin and ß-Apo-8'-carotenal) are known to be potent inducers of CYP1A1, a property not shared by others (ß-carotene, lycopene and lutein). Little is known, however, about the CYP1A1-inducing properties of bixin and annatto. The present study was performed to determine the effects of an annatto extract (28% bixin) and bixin (95% pure) on rat liver monooxygenases. Adult female Wistar rats were treated by gavage with daily doses of annatto (250 mg/kg body weight, which contains approximately 70 mg bixin/ kg body weight), bixin (250 mg/kg body weight) or the vehicle only (corn oil, 3.75 g/kg body weight) for 5 consecutive days, or were not treated (untreated control). The activities of aniline-4-hydroxylase (A4H), ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), ethoxy-(EROD), methoxy-(MROD), pentoxy-(PROD) and benzyloxy-(BROD) resorufin-O-dealkylases were measured in liver microsomes. Annatto (250 mg/ kg containing 70 mg bixin/kg) induced EROD (3.8x), MROD (4.2x), BROD (3.3x) and PROD (2.4x). Bixin (250 mg/kg) was a weaker inducer of EROD (2.7x), MROD (2.3x) and BROD (1.9x) and did not alter PROD, A4H or ECOD activities. These results suggest that constituents of the extract other than bixin play an important role in the induction of CYP1A and CYP2B observed with annatto food colorings.

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confidence: 99%

Induction of liver monooxygenases by annatto and bixin in female rats

De-Oliveira

Silva

Manhães-Rocha

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…β-myrcene has proved to elevate the levels of apoproteins CYP-2B1 and CYP-2B2, which are subtypes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system responsible for catalysing the oxidative metabolism of a wide variety of xenobiotic compounds. 16 The monoterpene cineole is an anti-inflammatory considered a potential agent in the prevention of gastrointestinal inflam- mation and ulceration mainly to cause repletion of glutathione, central constituent of the antioxidant system required to maintain a healthy liver. 17 Camphor has also been reported to induce enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase that contribute to detoxification of chemicals and drugs, and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase in liver.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. Growing in southeast coast of Brazil

Boix¹,

Victório²,

Lage³

et al. 2010

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 4/12/08; aceito em 29/7/09; publicado na web em 11/1/10Chemical composition of leaf volatiles of Rosmarinus officinalis and Baccharis dracunculifolia cultured in Southeast of Brazil has been characterized by GC/MS after simultaneous distillation-extraction. The main components in volatiles of these species showed in common α-pinene, myrcene, 1,8 cineole and camphor. Camphor was the major component among volatiles of B. dracunculifolia and R. officinalis with concentrations exceeding 25%. B. dracunculifolia volatiles possessed more sesquiterpenes (21.4%) than R. officinalis (16.7%), such as caryophyllene (1.9%) and α-humulene (0.4%). Lower concentrations of nerolidol and spathulenol were achieved in volatiles of B. dracunculifolia. Considering both species, there was a predominance of monoterpenes.

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“…Aside from being a substrate for CYP enzymes, myrcene has also been shown to induce these enzymes at high dose levels (1000 mg/kg bw/day orally for three days), especially those from the CYP2B (phenobarbital-inducible) subfamily (De-Oliveira et al, 1997a). At lower dose levels (40 mg/kg bw/day intraperitoneally for three days) such induction was not observed (Austin et al, 1988).…”

Section: Beta-myrcenementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31

Flavourings¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids of the European Food Safety Authority was requested to evaluate 37 flavouring substances in the Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2, using the Procedure in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. None of the substances were considered to have genotoxic potential. The substances were evaluated through a stepwise approach (the Procedure) that integrates information on structure-activity relationships, intake from current uses, toxicological threshold of concern, and available data on metabolism and toxicity. The Panel concluded that the ten substances 01.027, 01.028, 01.033, 01.034, 01.038, 01.039, 01.046, 01.054 and 01.057] do not give rise to safety concerns at their levels of dietary intake, estimated on the basis of the MSDI approach. For the remaining 27 candidate substances 01.022, 01.023, 01.030, 01.031, 01.032, 01.035, 01.036, 01.037, 01.042, 01.043, 01.044, 01.047, 01.050, 01.051, 01.052, 01.053, 01.055, 01.056, 01.058, 01.059, 01.060, 01.064, 01.066, 01.067, 01.070 and 10.078] no appropriate NOAEL was available and additional data are required. Besides the safety assessment of these flavouring substances, the specifications for the materials of commerce have also been considered. For five substances, the composition of the stereoisomeric mixture has to be specified further. The 37 candidate substances are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which have been divided into eight subgroups: I) acyclic alkanes, II) acyclic alkenes, III) cyclohexene hydrocarbons, IVa) benzene hydrocarbons, IVb) napthalene hydrocarbons, IVc) diphenylmethane, V) bi-and tricyclic, nonaromatic hydrocarbons and VI) macrocyclic, non-aromatic hydrocarbons.Several of the 37 flavouring substances possess chiral centres and/or can exist as geometrical isomers. For five of the flavouring substances [FL-no: 01.021, 01.027, 01.032, 01.035 and 01.078] the stereoisomeric composition/composition of mixture has not been specified sufficiently.Thirty-one of the 37 candidate substances belongs to structural class I, two belongs to structural class II and four to structural class III according to the decision tree approach presented by Cramer et al. (1978).Thirty-three out of the 37 candidate substances have been reported to occur naturally in a wide range of food items.In its evaluation, the Panel as a default used the "Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intake" (MSDI) approach to estimate the per capita intakes of the flavouring substances in Europe. However, when the Panel examined the information provided by the European Flavouring Industry on the use levels in various foods, it appeared obvious that the MSDI approach in a number of cases would grossly underestimate the intake by regular consumers of products flavoured at the use level reported by the Industry, especially in those cases where the annual production values were reported to be small. In consequence, the Panel had reservations about the data on use and use levels provided and the intake...

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Induction of liver monooxygenases by β-myrcene

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Induction of liver monooxygenases by annatto and bixin in female rats

Induction of liver monooxygenases by annatto and bixin in female rats

Volatile compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. Growing in southeast coast of Brazil

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31

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