Induction of micronuclei by five pyrethroid insecticides in whole-blood and isolated human lymphocyte cultures

Surrallés, Jordi; Xamena, N.; Creus, A.; Catalán, Julia; Norppa, Hannu; Marcos, Ricard

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(95)90007-1

Cited by 392 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Moreover, findings provided evidence for the potential carcinogenicity of PM to human nasal mucosal cells. PM gave mostly negative results, although it increased the MN frequency in human blood cultures (Surralles et al 1995). In contrast to those results, Djelic and Djelic (2000) reported that PM was non-genotoxic by using MN assay in cultured human lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Olive leaf extract modulates permethrin induced genetic and oxidative damage in rats

2012

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Permethrin is a common synthetic chemical, widely used as an insecticide in agriculture and other domestic applications. The previous reports indicated that permethrin is a highly toxic synthetic pyrethroid pesticide to human and environmental health. Therefore, the present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of olive leaf extract in modulating the permethrin induced genotoxic and oxidative damage in rats. The animals used were broadly divided into four (A, B, C and D) experimental groups. Group A rats served as control animals and received distilled water intraperitoneally (n = 5). Groups B and C rats received intraperitoneal injections of permethrin (60 mg kg -1 b.w) and olive leaf extract (500 mg kg -1 b.w), respectively. Group D rats received permethrin (60 mg kg -1 b.w) plus olive leaf extract (500 mg kg -1 b.w). Rats were orally administered their respective feed daily for 21 days. At the end of the experiment rats were anesthetized and serum and bone marrow cell samples were obtained. Genotoxic damage was assessed by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays. Total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status were also measured in serum samples to assess oxidative status. Treatment of Group B with permethrin resulted in genotoxic damage and increased total oxidant status levels. Permethrin treatment also significantly decreased (P \ 0.05) total antioxidant capacity level when compared to Group A rats. Group C rats showed significant increases (P \ 0.05) in total antioxidant capacity level and no alterations in cytogenetic parameters. Moreover, simultaneous treatments with olive leaf extract significantly modulated the toxic effects of permethrin in Group D rats. It can be concluded that olive leaf extract has beneficial influences and could be able to antagonize permethrin toxicity. As a result, this investigation clearly revealed the protective role of olive leaf extract against the genetic and oxidative damage by permethrin in vivo for the first time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Olive leaf extract modulates permethrin induced genetic and oxidative damage in rats

2012

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“…Round or oval, nonrefractile bodies detached from the nucleus, with smooth outlines and with a diameter not greater than one-third the large diameter of the main nuclei were considered as MN. To rule out cytotoxic effects, the cytochalasin block proliferation index (CBPI) of each sample was evaluated according to Suralles et al [1995] by assessing 500 cells. The CBPI indicates the number of cell cycles per cell during the period of exposure to cytochalasin B, and is calculated as follows:…”

Section: Microscopic Evaluation and Micronuclei (Mn) Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effects of three selected black toner powders and their dimethyl sulfoxide extracts in cultured human epithelial A549 lung cells in vitro

Gminski

Decker

Heinz

et al. 2010

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Until now, the adverse effects of toner powders on humans have been considered to be minimal. However, several recent reports have suggested possible significant adverse health effects from toner dust inhalation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of black toner powders in vitro. For the study of DNA damage, A549 cells were exposed to toner-powder suspensions and to their DMSO extracts, and then subjected to the comet assay and to the in-vitro cytokinesis block micronucleus test (CB-MNvit). Cytotoxic effects of the toner samples were assessed by the erythrosin B assay. Furthermore, size, shape, and composition of the toner powders were investigated. None of the three toner powders or their DMSO extracts reduced cell viability; however, they did induce DNA damage and formed micronuclei at concentrations from 80 to 400 lg cm 22 , although to a varying extent. All toner powders contain considerable amounts of the pigments carbon black and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) as well as small amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The overall results of our invitro study suggest that the investigated toner-powder samples are not cytotoxic but genotoxic. From the results of the physical and chemical characterization, we conclude that metals and metalloids as components of magnetite, or PAHs as components of the carbon-bearing material, are responsible for the genotoxic effects. Further research is necessary to determine the relevance of these in-vitro observations for private and occupational toner powder exposure.

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“…However, treatments with Alphamethrin and Fenvalerate induced mitodepression (inhibition of mitotic activity) at 0 h recovery. The induction of mitodepression by the pyrethroids is not a deviant phenomenon (Agarwal et al 1994, Chauhan et al 1986, Surrallaes et al 1995. However, the initial mitodepressive effect of Alphamethrin and Fenvalerate is found to be transitory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, the initial mitodepressive effect of Alphamethrin and Fenvalerate is found to be transitory. The cytotoxicity exerted by the 3 tested compounds can be attributable to the methyl groups in the cyclopropane ring of pyrethriods (Surrallaes et al 1995). The initial effects of cytotoxicity induced by the 3 pesticidal treatments, however, are ephemeral as evidenced by a concentration-related recovery in the posttreatment recoveries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Genotoxic Effects of Cypermethrin, Alphamethrin and Fenvalerate on the Root Meristems of Allium cepa

2005

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SummaryThe present investigation deals with the effects of 3 synthetic pyrethroid insecticides viz., Cypermethrin, Alphamethrin and Fenvalerate on the mitotic activity and mitotic chromosomes in the root meristems of Allium cepa. Root meristems were exposed to 4 different concentrations of each test compound for 1 h pulse treatment and allowed to different recovery periods.Cytological analyses revealed that the test compounds elicited varying degrees of cytotoxic, turbagenic (toxicity to spindle) and clastogenic effects. In the ultimate analysis, Cypermethrin and Alphamethrin have more turbagenic and weak clastogenic activity whereas Fenvalerate has relatively strong clastogenic activity in vitro.Key words Genotoxicity, Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, Allium test.Use of pesticides has become a necessary evil in the crop protection management programmes. Synthetic pyrethroids are new generation pesticides, which include more than 1000 powerful broad-spectrum insecticides. In general, synthetic pyrethroids are less toxic to mammals than the organophosphate, carbamate and organochlorine pesticides. This coupled with the efficacy of synthetic pyrethroids made them logical alternative to organochlorines and carbamates in pest control programmes (Elliot et al. 1978, Leahey 1985, Litchfield 1985. Nevertheless, the wide usage of pesticides in agricultural practices and public health programmes gave rise to concerns on the deleterious effects of these chemicals on non-target organisms (Grover and Malhi 1985). Screening of pesticides for their genotoxic effects in various assay systems unfolded alarming implications.With very little information available on the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of pyrethroids, the present study is undertaken to assess the clastogenic and turbagenic effects of 3 synthetic pyrethroids using Allium test as the assay system (Fiskesjo 1985, Grant 1978, 1994, Sharma 1983. Materials and methodsRoot meristems raised from common onion (Allium cepa L. 2nϭ16) were used as assay system. Three insecticides tested in this study are [Cypermethrin (Devicyper 10% EC), a-S cyanophenoxybenzyl-2,2-dimethyl-3S-(2Ј,2Ј-dichlorovinyl)-1R-cyclopropanecarboxylate, Alphamethrin (Farsa 10% EC), a-S cyanophenoxybenzyl-2,2-dimethyl-3R-(2Ј,2Ј-dichlorovinyl)-1S-cyclopropanecarboxylate and Fenvalerate (Triumphcard 20% EC), a-cyano-(m-phenoxybenzyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate] (Fig. 1). Prior to the initiation of the experiment 1 per cent stock solutions were prepared by dissolving the test compounds in 1-2 drops of acetone and subsequently dilution in distilled water (volume/volume). Subsequent dilutions were made in phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 7.0. The range of test concentrations of each chemical was selected basing on cytotoxic threshold of each chemical (by LD 50 method) to the test system. Meristems of roots, 2-3 cm in length were exposed to the test solutions of different concentrations for 1 h followed by 0, 4, 12, 24

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Induction of micronuclei by five pyrethroid insecticides in whole-blood and isolated human lymphocyte cultures

Cited by 392 publications

References 42 publications

Olive leaf extract modulates permethrin induced genetic and oxidative damage in rats

Olive leaf extract modulates permethrin induced genetic and oxidative damage in rats

Genotoxic effects of three selected black toner powders and their dimethyl sulfoxide extracts in cultured human epithelial A549 lung cells in vitro

Relative Genotoxic Effects of Cypermethrin, Alphamethrin and Fenvalerate on the Root Meristems of Allium cepa

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