Induction of mitotic and chromosomal abnormalities on Allium cepa cells by pesticides imidacloprid and sulfentrazone and the mixture of them

Mitochondrial and Chromosomal Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress in Zn2+ Ions, ZnO-Bulk and ZnO-NPs treated Allium cepa roots

“…Significant number of chromosomal breaks, bridges, and stickiness in roots treated with ZnO-NPs, ZnO-Bulk and Zn 2+ may be either due to the inversion of chromosomal segments or due to the breakage and fusion of chromosomes. Moreover, chromosomal adherence could be due to inaccurate packing of chromosomal fibers within chromosomes that can lead to the inter-connections between chromoproteins that help the chromosomes to connect through sub-chromatidic bridges60. Multipolar anaphase has been reported as a consequence of ZnO-NPs or Zn 2+ interaction with mitotic spindle, which leads to the improper distribution of chromosomes61.…”

Assesment of the Genotoxic Effect of the Diazinon on Root Cells of Allium cepa (L.)

“…Previous studies have been showed mitotic index of roots' meristematic cells of A. cepa affected by some pesticides. Bianchi et al 34 demonstrated that insecticide imidacloprid did not induce visible chromosomal changes in meristematic and F1 cells of A. cepa when exposed for 24 h but herbicide sulfentrazone caused a cytotoxic effect which could be visualized by total inhibition of cell division and nuclear fragmentation. Rodríguez et al 35 showed the toxicity of imidacloprid on the DNA of A. cepa roots with exposure to different concentrations of this insecticide, demonstrating that chromosomal alterations and frequency of micronuclei increased in the tested concentrations of imidacloprid.…”

“…The test can be employed to measure both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity; the rate of root growth can be correlated with the mitotic index 14 . Bianchi et al 15 evaluated imidacloprid insecticide, sulfentrazone herbicide and to the mixture of them the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of low concentrations of pesticides on A. cepa for 24 h. Kumar et al 16 evaluated the cytogenetic effects of chromium (III) oxide nanoparticles on the root cells of A. cepa. Prajitha and Thoppil 17 found that possible genotoxic effects of A. spinosus leaf extracts on A. cepa root meristematic cells and its antigenotoxic effects against H2O2-induced genetic damage in A. cepa.…”

Genotoxicity evaluation of two metallic-insecticides using Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida: A new alternative against leaf-cutting ants

“…In both tests is possible to evaluate induction of micronuclei to verify genotoxic and chromosomal instability events and, using A. cepa, is also possible to evaluate chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index for detection of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively (Kirsche-Volders et al, 2011;Pedro-Escher et al, 2014). Recently, these organisms have been commonly used worldwide to detect alterations in the genetic material caused by agrochemicals (Rodríguez et al, 2015;Liman et al, 2015;Bianchi et al, 2016;Kuchy et al, 2016), dyes (Ventura-Camargo et al, 2016), sewage sludge (Martins et al, 2016), river water samples (Batista et al, 2016) and drugs Lutterbeck et al, 2015).…”