Induction of nm23 Gene Expression in Human Colonic Neoplasms and Equal Expressions in Colon Tumors of High and Low Metastatic Potential

Haut, Mitchell; Steeg, Patricia S.; Willson, James K.V.; Markowitz, Sanford D.

doi:10.1093/jnci/83.10.712

Cited by 153 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…No correlation to the tumour stage was described by Haut et al (1991), Myeroff andMarkowitz (1993), andZeng et al (1994);Yamaguchi et al (1993) presented a different view in a study.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Conflicting observations have been reported on the protein level (Ayhan et al, 1993;Haut et al, 1991;Lacombe et al, 1991;Royds et al, 1994;Tannapfel et al, 1995; Yamaguchi et al, 1993;Zeng et al, 1994); on the mRNA level (Haut et al, 1991;Myeroff and Markowitz, 1993; Yamaguchi et al, 1993;Zeng et al, 1994); and on the DNA-level (Bafico et al, 1993; Campo et al, 1994; Cawkwell et al, 1994;Cohn et al, 1991;Heide et al, 1994; lacopetta et al, 1994;Okada et al, 1994;Steeg et al, 1991;Wang et al, 1993;Whitelaw and Northover, 1994).…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Survival curves were constructed using the life-table (actuarial) method (Peto et al, 1977;Lawless, 1982). (Haut et al, 1991;Lacombe et al, 1991;Yamaguchi et al, 1993;Zeng et al, 1994). Reduced expression was shown to be associated with progressive tumour stage and distant metastasis in studies by Ayhan et al (1993) andTannapfel et al (1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

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NM-23 H1 immunohistochemistry is not useful as predictor of metastatic potential of colorectal cancer

Lindmark

1996

Br J Cancer

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(Cawkwell et al., 1994;Fearon, 1994). Accumulation of these and other unknown genetic changes is considered to be necessary for tumorigenesis, but none of the known changes can foretell metastatic potential (Fearon, 1994).It was not long ago that the new human potential metastasis-suppressor gene family, 'non-metastatic' nm23, was identified (Steeg et al., 1988). nm23-H1 has been mapped to human chromosome locus 17q21.3-22, and the gene encodes a Mr 17 000 protein of unknown function (Backer et al., 1993;. Potential roles for the nm23 protein have been suggested, such as in the formation of a basement membrane, in tumour differentiation and cell proliferation (Caligo et al., 1995;Howlett et al., 1994;Lombardi et al., 1995).A down-regulated expression of nm23-H 1, on either mRNA and/or protein level, has been reported in various human cancers (some with highly metastatic activities), such as malignant melanoma (Florenes et al., 1992;Xerri et al., 1994) (Nakayama et al., 1993). Similar findings have been reported for breast cancer (Bevilacqua et al., 1989;Hennessy et al., 1991;Hirayama et al., 1991;Royds et al., 1993;Stahl et al., 1991; Tokunaga et al., 1993), although this was not the case in a study by SastreGarau et al. (1992). Mutations and deletions of the nm23 gene have been shown in a number of primary tumours, such as neuroblastomas, lung, breast and renal cancer (Leone et al., , 1993, but not in prostatic cancer (Brewster et al., 1994). Taken together, these results suggest that the nm23 gene may have an important role in the mechanism of metastasis in many solid tumour forms.However, the role of the nm23-H 1 gene in tumour progression and for metastatic potential of colorectal cancer, is not clear. Conflicting observations have been reported on the protein level (Ayhan et al., 1993;Haut et al., 1991;Lacombe et al., 1991;Royds et al., 1994;Tannapfel et al., 1995; Yamaguchi et al., 1993;Zeng et al., 1994); on the mRNA level (Haut et al., 1991;Myeroff and Markowitz, 1993; Yamaguchi et al., 1993;Zeng et al., 1994); and on the DNA-level (Bafico et al., 1993; Campo et al., 1994; Cawkwell et al., 1994;Cohn et al., 1991;Heide et al., 1994; lacopetta et al., 1994;Okada et al., 1994;Steeg et al., 1991;Wang et al., 1993;Whitelaw and Northover, 1994).We have previously explored DNA ploidy, cell proliferative index (Lindmark et al., 1991) and p53 status (Kressner et al., 1996) in colorectal cancer, without being able to detect any substantial correlation to common clinicopathological characteristics and to patient survival time. Nevertheless, continued search for prognostic predictors in colorectal cancer is essential. Thus far, no factors have been identified capable of discriminating between patients truly cured by surgery and patients having subclinical micrometastases in Dukes' stages B and C (Dukes and Bussey, 1958). If such factors were to be available, additional therapy could be offered to selected patients running a high risk for tumour relapse. Furthermore, selected patients could be included in survei...

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“…No correlation to the tumour stage was described by Haut et al (1991), Myeroff andMarkowitz (1993), andZeng et al (1994);Yamaguchi et al (1993) presented a different view in a study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 97%

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NM-23 H1 immunohistochemistry is not useful as predictor of metastatic potential of colorectal cancer

Lindmark

1996

Br J Cancer

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“…Among them, the nm23 gene, with potential tumor-suppressor function, had been reported to be negatively correlated with metastatic potential in certain spontaneous and experimental tumors (Barnes et al, 1990;. Recent con¯icting results, however, have revealed no signi®cant relationship between Nm23 expression and metastatic ability of colon cancer cells (Haut et al, 1988;Cohn et al, 1991;Myero and Markowitz, 1993;Wang et al, 1993;Whitelaw and Northover, 1993). DCC also seemed to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene, deletions and somatic mutation of which have been observed in a number of colorectal cancers (Fearon et al, 1990;Ookawa et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of invasive properties of colon cancer cells by a metastasis suppressor KAI1 gene

et al. 1998

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KAI1 is a potential metastatic suppressor gene for prostate cancer. We found by Northern blot analysis that six of ten (60%) gastric and colon cancer cell lines exhibited undetectable or very low expression level of KAI1 mRNA. The e ects of KAI1 on the adhesion, motility and invasiveness of colon cancer cells was therefore investigated by using two kinds of stable transfectants, i.e., antisense transfectants of BM314 cells whose KAI1 mRNA expression was suppressed by transfer of antisense KAI1 cDNA and sense transfectants of DLD-1 cells with the enhanced KAI1 mRNA by sense cDNA transfer. The following results were obtained: (1) KAI1 gene expression had no signi®cant e ect on in vitro cell growth rate of colon cancer BM314 and DLD-1 cells; (2) Cell aggregation assay showed that KAI1 enhanced the Ca ++ -independent aggregatability of those colon cancer cells; (3) It was revealed by cell motility and invasion assays that KAI1 suppressed both the motility and in vitro invasiveness of those cells and (4) Furthermore, both the binding to ®bronectin and the migration on ®bronectin-coated plates of those cells were inhibited by KAI1 expression. These suggest that reduced KAI1 gene expression may contribute to the invasiveness and metastatic ability of colon cancer cells.

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“…However, not all of the above studies demonstrated a negative prognostic impact of nm23 overexpression or late T stage tumours (Zou et al, 1993;Müller et al, 1998). There were also some discrepancies among previous studies of the same tumours, such as gastric and colorectal cancers (Cohn et al, 1991;Haut et al, 1991;Kodera et al, 1994;Müller et al, 1998). Concerning gastric cancers, Kodera et al (1994) reported that a negative prognostic impact of decreased nm23 expression might correlated with increased lymphatic metastasis; while Müller et al (1998) showed nm23 overexpression was associated with aggressive tumour growth and poor survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prognostic significance of nm23-H1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2004

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Recent studies indicated nm23-H1 played a role in cancer progression. Therefore, we investigated clinical significance of nm23-H1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In total, 86 OSCC specimens were immunohistochemically stained with nm23-H1-specific monoclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical staining of nm23-H1 was confirmed by immunoblotting. The relations between nm23-H1 expression and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated by w 2 analysis. As increased size of primary tumour could escalate metastatic potential and the data of patients at the late T stage might confound statistical analyses, we thus paid special attention to 54 patients at the early T stage of OSCC. Statistical difference of survival was compared by a log-rank test. Immunohistochemically, nm23-H1 expression was detected in 48.8% (42 out of 86) of tumorous specimens. It positively correlated with larger primary tumour size (P ¼ 0.03) and inversely with cigarette-smoking habit (P ¼ 0.042). In patients at the early T stage, decreased nm23 expression was associated with increased incidence of lymph node metastasis (P ¼ 0.004) and indicated poor survival (P ¼ 0.014). Tumour nm23-H1 expression is a prognostic factor for predicting better survival in OSCC patients at the early T stage, which may reflect antimetastatic potential of nm23. Therefore, modulation of nm23-H1 expression in cancer cells can provide a novel possibility of improving therapeutic strategy at this stage. In addition, our results further indicated cigarette smoking could aggravate the extent of nm23-H1 expression and possibly disease progression of OSCC patients.

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Induction of nm23 Gene Expression in Human Colonic Neoplasms and Equal Expressions in Colon Tumors of High and Low Metastatic Potential

Cited by 153 publications

References 0 publications

NM-23 H1 immunohistochemistry is not useful as predictor of metastatic potential of colorectal cancer

NM-23 H1 immunohistochemistry is not useful as predictor of metastatic potential of colorectal cancer

Suppression of invasive properties of colon cancer cells by a metastasis suppressor KAI1 gene

Prognostic significance of nm23-H1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

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