Induction of Ovulation with MRL/41

Greenblatt, Robert B.; Barfield, William E.; Jungck, Edwin C.; Ray, Albert W.

doi:10.1001/jama.1961.03040410001001

Cited by 326 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The effect of clomiphene citrate in stimulating ovulation under certain conditions is well known (48,49), and studies using this agent have been conducted in this laboratory and have been reported elsewhere (50). The availability of such a stimulatory test may prove to be of great help in evaluating subjects with suspected diminished pituitary LH reserve.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of human luteinizing hormone in plasma by radioimmunoassay

Schalch¹,

Parlow²,

Boon³

et al. 1968

J. Clin. Invest.

139

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The recent isolation of highly purified human pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) has permitted the development of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for this hormone in plasma. Results of this immunoassay system employing anti-LH serum agree closely with previous reports for the measurement of plasma LH in which immunoassays employing cross-reactive antisera to human chorionic gonadotropin were used. The immunoassay and bioassay of LH in several crude and partially purified pituitary and urinary extracts show acceptable agreement. The sensitivity of the LH immunoassay (0.2 mug/ml) is adequate to measure LH levels in almost half of all prepuberal children and in all but a few normal adults. A small, but significant, rise in plasma LH level occurs at pubescence in both boys and girls. In women, plasma LH level varies with both age and the phase of the menstrual cycle. The mean LH concentration in nine normal women during the follicular phase (1.2 mug/ ml was found to be significantly higher than during the luteal phase (1.0 mjg/ml). At midcycle, the mean peak LH level was 10.2 mug/ml. In a large group of normal women, the mean plasma LH concentration rose significantly at menopause to a level of 5.8 mjug/ml during the fifth decade and 10.5 mpg/ml during the seventh decade. A small, but significant, rise in plasma LH concentration also occurred in men from the third

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of human luteinizing hormone in plasma by radioimmunoassay

Schalch¹,

Parlow²,

Boon³

et al. 1968

J. Clin. Invest.

139

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show abstract

“…1). Initially, antiestrogens were developed as potential antifertility agents (see 1 for a review), but when clinical trials with clomiphene (Fig, 1) demonstrated induction of ovulation in subfertile women (2), enthusiasm waned. At that time (1960s) there was much interest in endocrine manipulation to achieve objective remission in sensitive breast cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolites of tamoxifen in animals and man: Identification, pharmacology, and significance

Jordan

Chem

1982

Breast Cancer Res Tr

128

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Over the past decade, the non-steroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen has gained general acceptance for the palliative treatment of breast cancer. Although there has been much interest in the pharmacology of tamoxifen, our knowledge of its metabolism in laboratory animals and patients is incomplete and the precise mechanism of action within target tissue and breast tumor cells is unknown. This review briefly describes the pharmacology of tamoxifen in various laboratory species and patients. Several metabolites of tamoxifen are known and their relative potencies as estrogens and antiestrogens are compared with the parent compound. Apart from monohydroxytamoxifen, none of tamoxifen's metabolites are more potent antiestrogens, but a metabolite in the dog, Metabolite E, is fully estrogenic. Routine assays (tlc, HPLC, glc/ms) are available to detect tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, monohydroxytamoxifen, and a newly identified metabolite, designated Metabolite Y, in biological fluids. Continuous therapy with tamoxifen (10 mg bid) produces steady-state levels (100-200 ng/ml serum) within 4 weeks. Levels of N-desmethyltamoxifen are often up to twice the levels achieved with tamoxifen, while levels of monohydroxytamoxifen and Metabolite Y are below 10 ng/ml. Although monohydroxytamoxifen has a high binding affinity for the estrogen receptor, the metabolic activation of tamoxifen is an advantage rather than a requirement for antiestrogenic activity. The action of tamoxifen in vivo is the net result of the individual actions of the parent compound and its metabolites competing for the occupation of receptors within target tissues and tumors.

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“…Clomiphene citrate is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to induce ovulation in anovulatory patients for over 50 years [27]. It will induce ovulation in around 75% of patients with PCOS.…”

Section: Clomiphene and Anti-oestrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility Treatment for Women with PCOS

Langdon¹,

Pontré²,

Hart³

2017

Testes and Ovaries - Functional and Clinical Differences and Similarities

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the commonest cause of anovulatory infertility. This chapter will explore fertility treatment options for this condition including the risks, benefits and success rates for different treatment methods. The importance of close patient monitoring with hormone levels and pelvic ultrasounds to ensure mono-ovulation and to avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome will be highlighted.

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Induction of Ovulation with MRL/41

Cited by 326 publications

References 4 publications

Measurement of human luteinizing hormone in plasma by radioimmunoassay

Measurement of human luteinizing hormone in plasma by radioimmunoassay

Metabolites of tamoxifen in animals and man: Identification, pharmacology, and significance

Fertility Treatment for Women with PCOS

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