Induction of phenoloxidase and other immunological activities in Sydney rock oysters challenged with microbial pathogen-associate molecular patterns

Functional immune response in Pecten maximus: Combined effects of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and PAH exposure

“…This is further evidenced by the parallel increase in phagocytosis following the LPS challenge (Fig. 1D) and has also been reported in the rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata in response to PAMPs [4]. The change in haemocyte counts following LPS stimulation was also significantly impacted by phenanthrene exposure (interaction effect: F 1,20 ¼ 6.00, P < 0.05), with PAH-exposed scallops unable to further increase the number of circulating cells after the PAMP challenge (Fig.…”

Suppression substractive hybridisation (SSH) and real time PCR reveal differential gene expression in the Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas, challenged with Ostreid herpesvirus 1

“…Multicopper oxidases are oxidoreductive enzymes that catalyze a one-electron oxidation of broad range of polyphenols and aromatic substrates (Claus, 2003). Multicopper oxidases particularly phenoloxidases are shown to be important for immune defence in invertebrates (Soderhall and Cerenius, 1998) including marine molluscs (Aladaileh et al, 2007). Peters and Raftos (2003) showed that Marteilia sydeneyi infection (QX infection) lowered the level of phenoloxidase activity in the haemolymph of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata.…”

Induction of phenoloxidases in the humoral fluids of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri by Vibrio alginolyticus and Escherichia coli

“…Other microbe-inducible proteins including non-self-recognition molecules [8], proteases [9] and carboxylesterase [5] are later identified. Phenoloxidase (PO) is also demonstrated to be a microbe-inducible enzyme [10][11][12][13]. However, our knowledge of immune responses in protochordates to microbial challenge remains quite scarce at present.…”