Induction of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via cdpcholine pathway in lung and liver of rats following intratracheal administration of ddt and endosulfan

Abstract

The induction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis via the CDPcholine pathway in lung and liver of rats has been shown following the intratracheal administration of 1,1,1-trichloro-2m2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) (5 mg/100 g body weight) and endosulfan (1 mg/100 g body weight) for 3 days. Controls received only the vehicle solution (groundnut oil, 0.1 m1/100 g body weight). The treatment of DDT and endosulfan significantly increased the PC contents and the incorporation of radioactive [methyl-3H]choline into PC of lung and liver microsomes. The incorporation of radioactive [methyl-14C]methionine into microsomal PC of lung and liver was not affected significantly by treatment with either of the insecticides. 1,4,5,6,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethano cyclic sulfite (endosulfan) administration significantly increased the activity of choline kinase and phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (both cytosolic and microsomal) of lung, whereas DDT increased the activity of only latter. In liver, both DDT and endosulfan administration significantly increased the activity of choline kinase and phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (both cytosolic and microsomal). However, the activity of phosphocholinetransferase was not affected in both lung and liver microsomes of rats treated with these insecticides. The PC precursor pool sizes, choline and phosphorylcholine, of lung and liver tissues were not altered by DDT and endosulfan treatments. The present results suggest that the increased level of PC and incorporation of radioactive [methyl-3H]choline into microsomal PC could be the result of increased activity of choline kinase and phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase of lung and liver of rats following intratracheal administration of DDT and endosulfan.

Clinical Aspects of the Poisoning by the Pesticide Endosulfan

“…The induction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis in lung and liver of rats has been shown following the intratracheal administration of endosulfan (1 mg 100 g -1 body weight) for 3 days. 52 As pointed by Narayan et al, 53 biochemical effects of endosulfan are different in many cases from other organochlorine insecticide. For example, DDT and endosulfan have similar effects on microsomal lipid metabolism, but produce different biochemical manifestations on the secretion of surfactant phospholipids.…”

Human Migration and the Spread of the Nematode ParasiteWuchereria bancrofti

“…Only two regions, with a single known gene annotation, were consistent with adaptation in the Kenyan Wb population: the SLO-1 gene is a calcium-activated potassium channel [Welz et al, 2011]. Three other genes were possibly selected in both the Malian and Kenyan populations of Wb: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), specifically noted as resistance to inhibitors of AChE (as identified in Caenorhabditis elegans; [Nguyen et al, 1995]), phosphatidate cytidylytransferase [Narayan et al, 1989, Crowther et al, 2010, and PAN domain [Casida and Durkin, 2013, Verma et al, 2017, Sundaraneedi et al, 2018. While these findings will need to be validated experimentally, these genes largely associate with human-host interactions, worm reproduction, and chemical toxicity.…”

“…Four of the outlier genes have also been identified as potential targets for new anti-parasite drugs in the Malian and Kenyan populations of Wb: Na/Cl GABA transporter [Jiang et al, 2005, Mullen et al, 2006, Casida and Durkin, 2013, O'Neill et al, 2016, PAN domain protein [Kumar et al, 2007, O'Neill et al, 2016, SLO-1 Ca-activated K channel [Welz et al, 2011], phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase [Narayan et al, 1989, Crowther et al, 2010 (table 2). All of our samples were collected prior to mass drug administration; thus, the signal of local adaptation may be in response to other environmental factors rather than widespread drug resistance.…”