Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in fish exposed to Rhine water

Alink, G.M.; Frederix-Wolters, E.M.H.; Gaag, M.A. van der; Kerkhoff, J.F.J. van de; Poels, C.L.M.

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(80)90043-9

Cited by 83 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The early appearance of an increase of MN frequencies, that in our colchicine experiments appears at the first sampling time, differently from the later times observed in the X-ray treatments, is not in contrast with what can be expected from a treatment with a spindle poison, the effect of which should be detectable immediately after the end of the damaged mitosis, where chromosome loss is induced; actually, a rough estimation of the cell cycle length of stem cells of fish erythrocytes [16] gives an indication of about 3 days, which corresponds to the time of our MN increase (Tables 2 and 3). …”

Section: Colchicine Experimentscontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…administration. This range covered the concentrations employed by several authors for c-metaphase analysis of chromosome preparations from different fish tissues [10,[15][16][17][18]. The highest concentration of the present work compatible with fish survival in single i.p.…”

Section: Colchicine Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The choice of dose range was made on the basis both of literature data, where colchicine was used for c-metaphase chromosome preparations in different fish target tissues [10,[15][16][17] and of our results obtained from a preliminary experiment for a rough evaluation of colchicine doses compatible with fish survival. The concentrations 200 and 20 mg/kg b.w.…”

Section: Single Injection Colchicine Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While clastogenic effects induced by X-rays, namely the time course of MN induction, have been investigated in erythrocytes of rainbow trout [12], similar investigations in fish erythrocytes on MN induction by spindle poisons have never been carried out; actually, the effect of colchicine has been tested for MN induction in cephalic kidney erythrocytes at 24 h post-treatment [14], or employed to the induce c-mitotic arrest for chromosome analysis [10,[15][16][17][18]. Since MN analysis represents a cytogenetic end-point which can detect mutagenic effects due to both chromosome breakage and loss, there it is important to study the sensitivity of the fish erythrocyte system to both clastogenic and spindle poisoning agents for MN induction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micronuclei induced in erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio (teleostei, pisces) by X-rays and colchicine

Gustavino

Scornajenghi

Minissi

et al. 2001

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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In the present work the induction of micronuclei in erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio treated with X-rays and colchicine is studied for the evaluation of mutagenic effects of both clastogenic and mitoclastic (spindle poisoning) agents in this system.Three different experiments were performed treating groups of laboratory-reproduced animals with (1) single doses of X-rays (0.1, 0.5 and 2 Gy); (2) a single i.p. injection of colchicine at the concentrations: 1.6 × 10 −2 , 8× 10 −2 , 0.4 and 2 mg/kg b.w. so as to mimic an acute exposure to the agent and (3) six repeated i.p. injections of the first three concentrations of colchicine, over a period of 18 days, so as to mimic a chronic exposure. Repeated blood samplings were performed by cardiac puncture over a period of about 2 months after the treatment and micronucleus frequencies were determined at multiple times on the same individuals after mutagen exposure. A dose-dependent increase in the micronucleus frequency was observed in irradiated fish and a peak value detected at 21 days. Slight increases of micronucleus frequencies were also observed in both colchicine experiments only for the highest concentrations at the earliest sampling time. Higher concentrations of colchicine clearly showed a lethal effect. According to the present data the micronucleus frequency induced by the highest colchicine dose is comparable to that observed after 0.1 Gy of X-ray irradiation.

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Section: Colchicine Experimentscontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Colchicine Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Single Injection Colchicine Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micronuclei induced in erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio (teleostei, pisces) by X-rays and colchicine

Gustavino

Scornajenghi

Minissi

et al. 2001

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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“…For these cells, a direct estimation on the length of the cell-cycle is not reported in the literature. Direct and indirect estimations on cell-cycle dynamics of different cell types, both from early studies on in vivo proliferating systems [44] and from explanted cell cultures [45,46] indicate an average cell-cycle length of about 3 days. Based on radioisotope labelling experiments, an average lifespan of about 150 days has been estimated for red blood cells in Tinca tinca [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating effects of humic acids on genotoxicity induced by water disinfectants in Cyprinus carpio

Gustavino

Buschini

Monfrinotti

et al. 2005

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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The use of chlorinated disinfectants during drinking-water production has been shown to generate halogenated compounds as a result of interactions of humic acids with chlorine. Such chlorinated by-products have been shown to induce genotoxic effects and consumption of chlorinated drinking-water has been correlated with increased risk for cancer induction in human populations. The aim of this work was to test the potential genotoxic effects on circulating erythrocytes of the fish Cyprinus carpio exposed in vivo to well-waters disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) or peracetic acid (CH 3 COO 2 H, PAA), in the absence or presence of standard humic acids (HA). The effects were measured by use of the micronucleus (MN) and the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assays at different sampling times after a 3-day exposure period. The exposure to chlorine disinfectants without the addition of HA produced a clear toxic effect. Significant cytogenetic damage (i.e. MN induction) was detected in fish populations exposed to both NaClO and ClO 2 with humic acids. In the Comet assay, a significant decrease of DNA migration was observed in erythrocytes of specimens after exposure to NaClO-disinfected water without HA. No effects were observed in any other experimental condition.

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Comparing the presence, potency, and potential hazard of genotoxins extracted from a broad range of industrial effluents

White

Rasmussen

Blaise

1996

Environ. Mol. Mutagen.

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We examined the genotoxicity of dichloromethane extracts from 50 final effluent samples collected from 42 industries, including pulp and paper, chemical manufacturing, metal refining, metal surface treatment, and municipal waste water treatment. Effluents were initially fractionated into dissolved substances, and substances adsorbed to suspended particulate matter. Acid/base partitioning was used to further fractionate aqueous extracts. Genotoxicity was measured using the SOS Chromotest. Genotoxicity of extracts was found to be related to sample type, industry type, metabolic activation status, and extract fluorescence (380 nm excitation, 430 nm emission). S9 metabolic activation reduced genotoxic potency in over 90% of the extracts examined. Expression of potency values per equivalent unit of original sample revealed that effluent particulate matter is, on average, almost four orders of magnitude more potent than aqueous filtrates. Suspended particulate matter from organic and inorganic chemical production, petroleum and metal refining, and from metal surface treatment facilities, provided extracts that were significantly more genotoxic than those from sewage treatment and pulp and paper facilities. Aqueous filtrates from inorganic and organic chemical production, metal refining, and surface treatment facilities were significantly more genotoxic than those emitted by aluminum and petroleum refineries. Overall, the results suggest that pulp and paper mills emit mostly soluble genotoxins, while petroleum and aluminum refineries emit predominantly particle‐associated genotoxins. Although some extracts elicited a strong SOS response, the potency of the extractable residues was low when compared to highly potent pure substances such as benzo(a)pyrene. On average, a mg of dichloromethane‐extractable residue has an SOS genotoxicity equivalent to 0.1–1.0 μg of benzo(a)‐pyrene. Predicted Ames mutagenic potency values corresponded reasonably well with industrial waste mutagenic potency values published by other researchers. Genotoxic loading values were calculated to quantify the total daily genotoxic emission and potential hazard of each industry. Highest loadings were from sewage treatment, pulp and paper, and metal refining facilities. Highest loading values were the SOS genotoxic equivalent of over 30 kg of benzo(a)pyrene per day. The ultimate hazard of genotoxic emissions is not known. Actual hazard assessment is complicated by a poor understanding of the postemission behavior of genotoxins. Exposure of downstream biota is likely substantial. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in fish exposed to Rhine water

Cited by 83 publications

References 9 publications

Micronuclei induced in erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio (teleostei, pisces) by X-rays and colchicine

Micronuclei induced in erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio (teleostei, pisces) by X-rays and colchicine

Modulating effects of humic acids on genotoxicity induced by water disinfectants in Cyprinus carpio

Comparing the presence, potency, and potential hazard of genotoxins extracted from a broad range of industrial effluents

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