Induction of Subcapsular Cataracts in Cynomolgus Monkeys by Echothiophate

Kaufman, Paul L.; Axelsson, Uno; Bárány, Ernst H.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1977.04450030141021

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This animal was monkey No. 1 in Kaufman & BBrAny (1975) and in Kaufman & Axelsson (1975). I n these experiments, the left eye was control, the right eye treated with echothiophate for 8 weeks.…”

Section: Topical Pilocarpine Arid Carbacholmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pilocarpine‐induced Subsensitivity to Carbachol and Pilocarpine of Ciliary Muscle in Vervet and Cynomolgus Monkeys

Bárány

1977

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Vervet monkeys were given unilateral treatment for two weeks with one 2% pilocarpine eye drop three times daily between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. (night interval 14h) and were then subjected to anterior chamber perfusion 20 mug pilocarpine intracamerally caused similar and substantial increases in outflow facility in both eyes. Cynomolgus monkeys were unilaterally treated with continuous release of 33 mug/h of pilocarpine for 5-6 days. The facility response to 1 mg/kg pilocarpine iv was small or absent on the treated side. Iridectomized cynomolgus monkeys responded with 12.6+/-5.2 (SD) diopters accommodation to 1.5 mg/kg pilocarpine im, with very similar responses in the two eyes. During continuous release of 30 mug/h pilocarpine, accommodation of the treated eye dropped grdually and after 4-8 days treatment the accommodative response was markedly reduced to pilocarpine 1.5 mg/kg im or 100 mug topically. The degree of subsensitivity was much less when tested with either systemic or topical carbachol. This was also the case in a few vervet experiments. Recovery of full pilocarpine sensitivity took several weeks in the cynomolgus monkey. As an explanation for the excessive subsensitivity and large interindividual differences found with pilocarpine, an individually variable, nonmuscarinic relaxant action counteracting the muscarinic excitatory action is suggested. Clinical implications of this hypothesis are discussed.

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Section: Topical Pilocarpine Arid Carbacholmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pilocarpine‐induced Subsensitivity to Carbachol and Pilocarpine of Ciliary Muscle in Vervet and Cynomolgus Monkeys

Bárány

1977

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Naturally occurring or experimentally induced acquired lens fiber degeneration (cataracts) in macaques can also develop due to many other causes including chemical toxins, irradiation, and diabetes mellitus 591 , 598 , 599 , 600 , 601 , 602 . Lens fiber degeneration (cataracts) in younger macaques in toxicity studies can also result from physical trauma to the lens or as sequelae of many spontaneous or induced ocular pathologies that secondarily affect the lens.…”

Section: Special Senses (Eye and Ocular Adnexa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Non-proliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Non-human Primate (<i>M. fascicularis</i>)

et al. 2021

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The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the nonhuman primate used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.

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