Induction of supernumerary Ribs with sodium salicylate

Foulon, Olivier; Girard, Henri; Pallen, Catherine; Urtizberea, M.; Repetto-Larsay, M; Blacker, Ann M.

doi:10.1016/s0890-6238(99)00029-5

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Kimmel and Wilson (1973) classified SNR in rat fetuses as rudimentary or extra based on whether the SNR was less than or greater than half the length of the 13th thoracic rib, respectively. Foulon et al (1999) used a value of 0.35 for the ratio between the 14th and 13th rib lengths in rats. Using our data in CD‐1 mice, we find that using a length of less than or greater than 0.6 mm gives a clear separation of rudimentary and extra ribs, as does using a ratio of 0.35 for 14th to 13th rib length, while using half the length of the 13th rib is less satisfactory (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two populations of supernumerary ribs (SNR) are clearly discernible. Dashed lines represent three proposed metrics for separating the two populations of SNR, one using half the length of the ipsilateral 13th rib (Kimmel and Wilson, 1973), one using a ratio of 0.35 between the lengths of the 14th and 13th ribs (Foulon et al, 1999), and the third using an absolute cutoff length of 0.6 mm. While all three of these methods do a reasonable job of separating the populations, using a ratio of 0.35 or an actual cutoff length of 0.6 mm both do an excellent job of separation, while using half the length of the ipsilateral 13th rib is less accurate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kimmel and Wilson (1973) used half the length of the thirteenth rib as a demarcation between rudimentary and extra SNR in fetal rats, while Foulon et al (1999) proposed a ratio of 0.35 between the extra and thirteenth rib for separating rudimentary and extra ribs. In our study of CD‐1 mice, we found that the ratio of 0.35 between the extra and thirteenth rib accurately demarcated the two subpopulations in mice, while the ratio of 0.5 was less accurate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these early findings concerning the interpretation of fetal SNR in developmental toxicity studies, current studies generally do not report lengths or size categories for SNR. More recently, Foulon et al (1999) examined the induction and size distribution of SNR induced by salicylate in rats. These investigators also reported a bimodal distribution of SNR lengths, and also referred to the short and long SNR as rudimentary and extra, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies reported here were designed to evaluate the size distribution of SNR and the dose responses for different size classes of chemically‐induced SNR in CD‐1 mice. We report that, similar to the phenomenon reported by Kimmel and Wilson (1973) and Foulon et al (1999) for rats, SNR lengths in mice are bimodally distributed and the two size classes of SNR have different dose responses. Further, the presence of rudimentary or extra SNR was not correlated with an increased likelihood of a fetus having other developmental anomalies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemically induced supernumerary lumbar ribs in CD‐1 mice: Size distribution and dose response

Rogers

Setzer

Branch

et al. 2004

Birth Defects Research Pt B

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Supernumerary ribs (SNR) of differing sizes are commonly observed in rodent developmental toxicity studies, and the significance of treatment-related increases in SNR in standard studies has been contentious. We induced dose-related increases in SNR in fetal CD-1 mice by treating on gestation days 7-8 with benomyl (BEN; 0, 75, 150 mg/kg/d), dinoseb (DIN; 0, 30, 50 mg/kg/d); 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME; 0, 75, 150 mg/kg/d), or valproic acid (VPA; 0, 125, 250 mg/kg/d). Incidences of SNR were 9.3-27.6% in controls and 19.3-84.4% in the high dosage groups. SNR length showed a bimodal distribution with peaks at 0.3-0.4 mm and 0.9-1.1 mm in both treated and control groups. Based on length distributions, we used an actual length of 0.6 mm to separate short (rudimentary) from long (extra) SNR. DIN, 2-ME, and VPA induced a dose-related increase of extra ribs, while the incidence of rudimentary ribs remained at control levels. There was no apparent correlation of the presence of either type of SNR in a fetus and the occurrence of other anomalies. These data support the idea that extra and rudimentary SNR may reflect separate developmental phenomena, and should be considered and reported separately in developmental toxicity studies for risk assessment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chemically induced supernumerary lumbar ribs in CD‐1 mice: Size distribution and dose response

Rogers

Setzer

Branch

et al. 2004

Birth Defects Research Pt B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Postnatal evolution of supernumerary ribs in rats after a single administration of sodium salicylate

et al. 2000

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Radiographs were used to follow the postnatal evolution of 14th ribs in rat pups. Initially, 30 pregnant female rats were randomly distributed into two groups receiving 0 or 300 mg kg(-1) sodium salicylate on day 9 of pregnancy. In the treated group, adverse effects were noted on body weight changes and food consumption during the 2 days following dosing. At birth, a high majority of pups had extra ribs at the 300 mg kg(-1) dose. Radiographs done on postnatal days 1, 6, 14, 28 and 54 showed a reduction in the incidence of rudimentary ribs only, whereas extra ribs, often associated with 27 presacral vertebrae, had the same incidence from birth to adult stage. Furthermore, extra ribs seemed to exhibit similar growth evolution to the other thoracic ribs. This work helps to clarify the postnatal evolution of supernumerary ribs because it was performed on the same animals from birth to adult stage, showing that the reversibility was related to rib length and, in consequence, concerned the rudimentary ribs only. The coexistence of additional presacral vertebrae primarily with extra ribs suggests that both kinds of supernumerary ribs (rudimentary and extra) might be different phenomena and could be considered separately in developmental toxicology studies.

show abstract

Postnatal evolution of supernumerary ribs in rats after a single administration of sodium salicylate

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Radiographs were used to follow the postnatal evolution of 14th ribs in rat pups. Initially, 30 pregnant female rats were randomly distributed into two groups receiving 0 or 300 mg kg ؊1 sodium salicylate on day 9 of pregnancy. In the treated group, adverse effects were noted on body weight changes and food consumption during the 2 days following dosing. At birth, a high majority of pups had extra ribs at the 300 mg kg ؊1 dose. Radiographs done on postnatal days 1, 6, 14, 28 and 54 showed a reduction in the incidence of rudimentary ribs only, whereas extra ribs, often associated with 27 presacral vertebrae, had the same incidence from birth to adult stage. Furthermore, extra ribs seemed to exhibit similar growth evolution to the other thoracic ribs. This work helps to clarify the postnatal evolution of supernumerary ribs because it was performed on the same animals from birth to adult stage, showing that the reversibility was related to rib length and, in consequence, concerned the rudimentary ribs only. The coexistence of additional presacral vertebrae primarily with extra ribs suggests that both kinds of supernumerary ribs (rudimentary and extra) might be different phenomena and could be considered separately in developmental toxicology studies.

show abstract

Induction of supernumerary Ribs with sodium salicylate

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Chemically induced supernumerary lumbar ribs in CD‐1 mice: Size distribution and dose response

Chemically induced supernumerary lumbar ribs in CD‐1 mice: Size distribution and dose response

Postnatal evolution of supernumerary ribs in rats after a single administration of sodium salicylate

Postnatal evolution of supernumerary ribs in rats after a single administration of sodium salicylate

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