Induction of systemic resistance againstPapaya ring spot virus(PRSV) and its vectorMyzus persicaebyPenicillium simplicissimumGP17-2 and silica (Sio₂) nanopowder

Abstract

The systemic expressions of certain defense-related genes in cucumber plants induced by culture filtrate (CF) of the plant growth-promoting fungus (PGPF), Penicillium simplicissimum GP17-2, and challenging with Sio 2 nanoparticles against Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) and its vector the green peach aphid Myzus persicae were investigated. CF and Sio 2 were topically applied to cucumber plants by soil drench method. Results showed that the severity of PRSV and its accumulation in cucumber leaves were significantly reduced in all treated cucumber plants compared with the control. The expression of pathogenesis-related genes showed strong activations of peroxidases (POX) and phenylalanineammonia lyase (PAL) genes and moderate expression of PR-1 one day after inoculation, while, six days after inoculation a high activation of PAL and PR-1 genes and moderate activation of POX gene were detected. No expression was detected in plants infected with PRSV alone without any treatments. These results suggested that CF and Sio 2 treatments mediated the expression of the majority of various pathogen-related genes, which may contribute to the increased defense mechanism against PRSV infection in cucumber.

Silicon-enhanced resistance of plants to biotic stresses review article

“…Enhancing of the expression of all defense-related genes in response to Pyricularia oryzae (blast) infection was due to silicon application to wheat plants (Cruz et al, 2015). Expression of the majority of various pathogen-related genes was meditated by silicon treatment in cucumber plants to Papaya ring spot virus (Elsharkawy and Mousa, 2015).…”

Induced systemic resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus by Phoma sp. GS8‐2 stimulates transcription of pathogenesis‐related genes in Arabidopsis

“…The leaves were gathered and total RNA was obtained following the technique of Elsharkawy and Mousa . Quantitative RT‐PCR was handled by the primers presented in Table .…”

“…ISR is very close to systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which is stimulated by necrotizing pathogens and some synthetic chemicals. Recently, the PGPF belonging to the genera Fusarium , Penicillium , Phoma , Trichoderma and sterile fungi were reported to suppress foliar diseases . Interestingly, both P. simplicissimum GP17‐2 and F. equiseti GF18‐3 were highly effective in enhancing systemic resistance against CMV .…”

“…Recently, the PGPF belonging to the genera Fusarium , Penicillium , Phoma , Trichoderma and sterile fungi were reported to suppress foliar diseases . Interestingly, both P. simplicissimum GP17‐2 and F. equiseti GF18‐3 were highly effective in enhancing systemic resistance against CMV . Although ISR is often associated with host resistance by rhizosphere colonization, cell‐free filtrate (CF) of GP17‐2 showed same protection levels as living inocula, suggesting that some products from fungal metabolites might be responsible for the enhanced resistance against PRSV in cucumber .…”

Characterization of Whey Protein Isolate Covalently Modified with Phenolic Compounds 1: Antioxidant and Antiviral Activities

“…TMV titre was measured using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Elsharkawy and Mousa 2015). Tomato leaves were sampled at two weeks after virus challenge inoculation.…”