Induction of Systemic Resistance in Cucumber Against Cucumber Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria

Zehnder, G. W.; Kloepper, Joseph W.; Yao, Changbin; Wei, Gang

doi:10.1093/jee/90.2.391

Cited by 175 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…This is also strengthened by the observed higher tolerance index of P. fluorescens treatments. However, such tendency shown by T. harzianum up to a limited extent showed conformity with the observations of Leyval et al (2002), Malcova´et al (2003 and Zhender et al (1997) elsewhere.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Phytoextraction of soil cadmium and zinc by microbes-inoculated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Chauhan

Rai

2009

Journal of Plant Interactions

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A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum inoculation on the uptake of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) from the soil having three different concentrations of Zn (300, 600, 900 mg/kg) and Cd (5, 10, 15 mg/kg) separately. Microbial inoculation resulted in significantly better plant growth, available metal content and their uptake than control (without microbes). Available Zn was enhanced, ca.1.6-and 1.4-fold and Cd ca. 2.5-and 1.8-fold, by P. fluorescens and T. harzianum respectively. P. fluorescens resulted in an increase in Zn uptake by 113.9, 51.9 and 58.4% and T. harzianum by 42.6, 32.1 and 33.9% over control from soils having 300, 600 and 900 mg Zn, respectively, while of the corresponding results for Cd were 110.2, 48.9 and 58.1% with P. fluorescens and 42.6, 30.9 and 33.4% with T. harzianum from soil having 5, 10 and 15 mg Cd, respectively, after 90 days of treatment. In general the rate of metal uptake was higher during the initial 30 days and declined later.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Phytoextraction of soil cadmium and zinc by microbes-inoculated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Chauhan

Rai

2009

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…Root colonization of cucumber by four different PGPR reduced the level of cucurbitacin, which acts as a feeding stimulant to cucumber beetles (Zehnder et al 1997). Similar effects on insects that can transmit viruses, might reduce virus diseases through induced resistance against the insect vector rather than against the virus itself.…”

Section: Plant-mediated Disease Suppression By Rhizobacteriamentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant responses to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

2007

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Non-pathogenic soilborne microorganisms can promote plant growth, as well as suppress diseases. Plant growth promotion is taken to result from improved nutrient acquisition or hormonal stimulation. Disease suppression can occur through microbial antagonism or induction of resistance in the plant. Several rhizobacterial strains have been shown to act as plant growth-promoting bacteria through both stimulation of growth and induced systemic resistance (ISR), but it is not clear in how far both mechanisms are connected. Induced resistance is manifested as a reduction of the number of diseased plants or in disease severity upon subsequent infection by a pathogen. Such reduced disease susceptibility can be local or systemic, result from developmental or environmental factors and depend on multiple mechanisms. The spectrum of diseases to which PGPRelicited ISR confers enhanced resistance overlaps partly with that of pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Both ISR and SAR represent a state of enhanced basal resistance of the plant that depends on the signalling compounds jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, respectively, and pathogens are differentially sensitive to the resistances activated by each of these signalling pathways. Root-colonizing Pseudomonas bacteria have been shown to alter plant gene expression in roots and leaves to different extents, indicative of recognition of one or more bacterial determinants by specific plant receptors. Conversely, plants can alter root exudation and secrete compounds that interfere with quorum sensing (QS) regulation in the bacteria. Such two-way signalling resembles the interaction of root-nodulating Rhizobia with legumes and between mycorrhizal fungi and roots of the majority of plant species. Although ISR-eliciting rhizobacteria can induce typical early defence-related responses in cell suspensions, in plants they do not necessarily activate defence-related gene expression. Instead, they appear to act through priming of effective resistance mechanisms, as reflected by earlier and stronger defence reactions once infection occurs.

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“…tomato pathogenicity (20), including the sources of genetic resistance to the pathogen (6,18,33,34,39,50; V. F. Lawson and W. L. Summers, abstr., HortScience 17:503) and the genes which confer resistance to the disease (30, 41), this knowledge has not yet translated into an efficient strategy to control this minor, but occasionally devastating, foliar disease. Disease control is still based on traditional chemical and physical methods (3), and despite some significant successes, achieved mainly by the induction of systemic resistance in plants (1,27,45,52) and the displacement of a pathogen by nonvirulent strains of the same pathogen or by ecologically similar antagonistic strains (28,43,44,48,49), biological control of foliar bacterial pathogens is still largely at the experimental stage.The aim of this study was to measure the fluctuations in the populations of the two bacterial species, belonging to different genera, on the foliage and in the rhizospheres of tomato plants inoculated with one or both species. The effect of the relative sizes of the bacterial populations on the development of bacterial leaf speck disease in tomato plants and on plant growth was monitored.…”

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Protection of Tomato Seedlings against Infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato by Using the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense

Bashan¹,

de‐Bashan

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

122

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato, and the plant growthpromoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense were inoculated onto tomato plants, either alone, as a mixed culture, or consecutively. The population dynamics in the rhizosphere and foliage, the development of bacterial speck disease, and their effects on plant growth were monitored. When inoculated onto separate plants, the A. brasilense population in the rhizosphere of tomato plants was 2 orders of magnitude greater than the population of P. syringae pv. tomato (10 7 versus 10 5 CFU/g [dry weight] of root). Under mist chamber conditions, the leaf population of P. syringae pv. tomato was 1 order of magnitude greater than that of A. brasilense (10 7 versus 10 6 CFU/g [dry weight] of leaf). Inoculation of seeds with a mixed culture of the two bacterial strains resulted in a reduction of the pathogen population in the rhizosphere, an increase in the A. brasilense population, the prevention of bacterial speck disease development, and improved plant growth. Inoculation of leaves with the mixed bacterial culture under mist conditions significantly reduced the P. syringae pv. tomato population and significantly decreased disease severity. Challenge with P. syringae pv. tomato after A. brasilense was established in the leaves further reduced both the population of P. syringae pv. tomato and disease severity and significantly enhanced plant development. Both bacteria maintained a large population in the rhizosphere for 45 days when each was inoculated separately onto tomato seeds (10 5 to 10 6 CFU/g [dry weight] of root). However, P. syringae pv. tomato did not survive in the rhizosphere in the presence of A. brasilense. Foliar inoculation of A. brasilense after P. syringae pv. tomato was established on the leaves did not alleviate bacterial speck disease, and A. brasilense did not survive well in the phyllosphere under these conditions, even in a mist chamber. Several applications of a low concentration of buffered malic acid significantly enhanced the leaf population of A. brasilense (>10 8 CFU/g [dry weight] of leaf), decreased the population of P. syringae pv. tomato to almost undetectable levels, almost eliminated disease development, and improved plant growth to the level of uninoculated healthy control plants. Based on our results, we propose that A. brasilense be used in prevention programs to combat the foliar bacterial speck disease caused by P. syringae pv. tomato.Tomato plants are hosts to Azospirillum brasilense, a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) (7,8), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck disease (35,47). This disease is of moderate economic importance to tomato production under greenhouse and field conditions (24). Whereas A. brasilense increases the growth and yield of tomato plants (14), P. syringae pv. tomato decreases production (51). Although A. brasilense is known as a rhizosphere bacterium (7), some strains are ephiphytic (7, 10), and P. syringae pv. tomato is...

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Induction of Systemic Resistance in Cucumber Against Cucumber Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria

Cited by 175 publications

References 0 publications

Phytoextraction of soil cadmium and zinc by microbes-inoculated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Phytoextraction of soil cadmium and zinc by microbes-inoculated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Plant responses to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

Protection of Tomato Seedlings against Infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato by Using the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense

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