To clarify the host-virus relationship in polyoma virus infection, virus from a single culture pool was inoculated intravenously into AKR and cm mice and Fl hybrids within 24 hours after birth. Half the mice were thymectomized 2 weeks later. A high sensitivity of AKR mice to polyoma virus infection was shown in terms of the cumulative mortality, and of the incidence and mean latent period of parotid tumor growth in animals that survived more than 60 days. Thymectomy delayed significantly the death of infected mice in the AKR strain, but not in the C3H strain. The incidence and latency of parotid tumors were not affected by thymectomy in these strains of mice. High sensitivity to polyoma virus, the ameliorating effect of thymectomy, and predisposition for leukemia were observed in Fl hybrids whose mothers were AKR mice, but not in those whose mothers were C3H mice. It is concluded that there is a close correlation between the predisposition of AKR mice for leukemia and their sensitivity to polyoma virus infection, and that the thymus gland is partly, if not entirely, responsible for the high sensitivity. The incidence of leukemia was not significantly affected by the presence of polyoma virus infection.