Induction of Twin Births

Gordon, Ian

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-024409-9.50014-8

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The matings using SET however, were highly successful in providing the twin calves required to conduct the production and management experiments. The SET matings achieved calving and twinning rates similar to results reported by others (reviewed by Gordon 1996), and the rates of survival and rearing of twin calves gave highly worthwhile gains over single calf systems . The experiments also provided information on the survival rates and physiology of twin embryos and foetuses produced by SET or by antiinhibin vaccination .…”

Section: Manipulating Ovulation Rate and Litter Size In The Cowsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…There had been considerable interest for some time in increasing multiple births in cattle by either genetic selection or by using various in vitro and embryo transfer procedures, with the aim of improving productivity in beef herds (reviewed by Gordon 1996). In fact, Bindon and Piper established a selection herd during the 1970s by collecting cows from industry with a history of repeated multiple births, and they discussed genetic and other possibilities for utilising twinning in the Australian beef industry .…”

Section: Manipulating Ovulation Rate and Litter Size In The Cowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bernard Michael Bindon — reproductive physiologist, animal scientist, research leader

Entwistle

Cummins

Hillard

et al. 2006

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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This paper is a foreword to a series of papers commissioned on ‘the impact of science on the beef industry’, where the Beef CRC-related collaborative scientific work of Professor Bernard Michael Bindon will be reviewed. These papers will be presented in March 2006, as part of a ‘festschrift’ to recognise his wider contributions to the Australian livestock industries for over 40 years. Bindon’s career involved basic and applied research in many areas of reproductive physiology, genetics, immunology, nutrition, meat science and more recently genomics, in both sheep and cattle. Together with his collaborators, he made large contributions to animal science by improving the knowledge of mechanisms regulating reproductive functions and in elucidating the physiology and genetics of high fecundity livestock. His collaborative studies with many colleagues of the reproductive biology and genetics of the Booroola Merino were amongst the most extensive ever conducted on domestic livestock. He was instrumental in the development of immunological techniques to control ovulation rate and in examining the application of these and other techniques to increase beef cattle reproductive output. This paper tracks his investigations and achievements both within Australia and internationally. In the later stages of his career he was the major influence in attracting a large investment in Cooperative Research Centres for the Australian cattle industry, in which he directed a multi-disciplinary approach to investigate, develop and disseminate science and technology to improve commercial cattle productivity.

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Section: Manipulating Ovulation Rate and Litter Size In The Cowsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Manipulating Ovulation Rate and Litter Size In The Cowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bernard Michael Bindon — reproductive physiologist, animal scientist, research leader

Entwistle

Cummins

Hillard

et al. 2006

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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“…Within the power of this study the distribution of the sexes of the twins were consistent with this random distribution of the sexes. In a review of the literature of twinning in cattle 92.6% were classified as fraternal or dizygotic twins and 7.4% classified as monozygotic or identical twins [ 13 , 14 ]. Therefore the assumption of a random distribution of the sexes will be approximate rather than absolute.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twinning in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows: Proportion Carried to Term and Calf Sex Ratios

Cockcroft

Sorrell²

2015

Veterinary Sciences

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the proportion of twins carried to term and the sex ratio of twin calves at birth in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle kept on commercial farms in Devon and Cornwall, England. Ten farms were used in the study. Fifty four cows with twin pregnancies were identified using trans-rectal ultra-sonographic examination between 30 and 70 days of gestation. The farm records were subsequently used to derive the number of calves born. Farm records of 66 additional sets of twin births with the sex of the calves recorded were also identified. Of the 54 cows diagnosed with twin pregnancies, 16 cows (29.6%) aborted or absorbed both fetuses, 11 cows (20.4%) carried one calf to term and 27 cows (50%) carried both calves to term. In the calf sex analysis of the additional 66 sets of twins: 13♂♂ calves (19.7%), 18 ♀♀ calves (27.3%) and 35 ♂♀ calves (53.0%). There was no statistically significant difference from an expected ratio of 1♂♂:2♂♀:1♀♀ (p = 0.61). This study provides bench marks for the expected abortion/absorption rates following the early ultra-sonographic diagnosis of twin pregnancies in comparable populations and supports earlier observations that the expected sex ratio for twinning approximates to1♂♂:2♂♀:1♀♀.

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“…Single births and long gestation in cattle restrict reproductive output relative to other farm animals. Cattle have a low natural rate of twinning of around 2-3% of births (Gordon, 1996), compared to sheep having 10-80% multiple births (Terrill, 1975) or pigs with litters typically of 7-12 (Gordon, 1997). A branding rate of around 0.8-0.9 calves annually per beef cow mated is common for the intensively farmed areas of Australia (Gleeson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Calf Production from Twin-bearing Beef Cows on an Intensive Pasture System in Subtropical Australia

Hennessy¹,

Wilkins²

2005

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Forty-two single-bearing and 42 twin-bearing mature Angus×Hereford cows were allocated, seven per cell to 3 replications of 2 stocking rates (3.2 cows/ha; medium stocking rate [MSR], and 3.8 cows/ha; high stocking rate [HSR]) to graze summer-active and winter-active pastures from late pregnancy to the weaning of their calves. Cow liveweights and growth of calves were recorded as well as estimates of pasture quantity and forage intake. Pasture quantity did not differ in the paddocks grazed by single-and twin-bearing cows during pregnancy, nor effectively did forage intake. Subsequently, intake was higher during mid-lactation especially with twin-rearing cows (25% higher than single-rearing cows at the MSR; 9% at the HSR). However, quantity of pasture decreased for twin-rearing cows and was less than that available to single-rearing cows as lactation progressed. Liveweights of twinrearing cows decreased by 16% from late pregnancy to weaning at the MSR, and by 14% at the HSR, compared to decreases of 1% for single-rearing cows. Twin calves were lighter at birth, had slower growth rates, and were lighter at weaning than single calves. In spite of weaning smaller calves twinning increased the output (kg of calf weaned) per cow and per ha, and increased the efficiency (kg calf weaned per unit of forage eaten by the cow) over single calf production by 46% at the MSR and by 58% at the HSR. Twinning also increased the marginal returns from investment in high input pastures required by the enterprise.

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Induction of Twin Births

Cited by 3 publications

References 97 publications

Bernard Michael Bindon — reproductive physiologist, animal scientist, research leader

Bernard Michael Bindon — reproductive physiologist, animal scientist, research leader

Twinning in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows: Proportion Carried to Term and Calf Sex Ratios

Efficiency of Calf Production from Twin-bearing Beef Cows on an Intensive Pasture System in Subtropical Australia

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