Induction of Winter Wheat Plant Structure Mutations by Chemomutagenesis

Abstract

The objectives of our investigations are to describe the variation by muta-tions of stem architecture of the modern Ukrainian winter wheat varieties accord-ing to their interactions with mutagen nature, concentration and genotype-mutagen interaction specific. 7 modern Ukrainian winter wheat varieties and one line were treated by 1.4-bisdiazoatsetilbutan water solution at 0.1 and 0.2% concentrations. Types of visible mutations like as high and short stem, dwarfs and semi-dwarfs, changes in a waxy bloom, stem thickness have been investigated. New genetic-and breeding-value mutant lines have been obtained in terms of research program. Main components for mutation induction successful were geno-type-mutagen interaction and peculiarities of genotype as a subject of mutagen action (due to discriminant and factor analyses). By mutation occurs (in sense of mutation rate and spectra) genotypes can be subdivided on several groups. Effect of recurrent mutagenesis was identified as decrease of mutation rate under mutagen action by variety Kalinova, which obtained with same mutagen. Other genotypes reaction on mutagen action depends on genotype specific only, not kind of treatment. Bisdiazoatsetilbutan as a mutagens for creation new material by plant height and stem structure has been shown as less successful than gamma-rays and nitrosoalkylureas, but this mutagen may be used for special investigation by some types of mutation induction. But it was more specific in a mutagen-genotype interaction and more clearly demonstrate some effects of recurrent mutagenesis regarding nature of chemical agents. As for example action on variety Sonechko with great number of mutations by waxy bloom. These peculiarities may be caused by previous chemical mutagens damages of DNA in complex with recurrent action of bisdiazoatsetilbutan. Genotype-mutagen interaction and classification of mutant material are possible by rate of high and short stem, with and without waxy bloom forms. Concentration affected on rate of high stem forms. Mutagen cannot induce dwarf and semi-dwarf forms in significant amount and completely unpromising in this regard. Our research will be further focused on transformation of scientific and technological achievements and mutagenic mech-anism of bisdiazoatsetilbutan on plant at the molecular level in the recent future.

Improvement of economically useful features of winter wheat under the effect of technogenic mutagenic factors of the environment

“…На сьогодні метод експериментального мутагенезу застосовують з різними селекційними цілями: одержання макро-і мікромутацій якісних та кількісних ознак для добору чи прямого практичного використання, подолання несхрещуваності віддалених форм, вплив на кросинговер у гібридів, пригнічення реакції самоне-сумісності в рослин-перехресників, індукування поліплоїдії тощо [15]. У мутагенезі виникають можливості змін напряму та характеру генетично зумовлених кореляційних зв'язків, зокрема і при перенесенні мутантного гена до нового генетичного середовища [16]. Сучасні дослідження спрямовані на підвищення ефективності індукування різноманітних оригінальних і селекційно-цінних мутантів, а також створення принципових джерел рослин з високими продуктивністю, урожайністю, якістю зерна та стійкістю до біотичних й абіотичних чинників навколишнього середовища [17].…”

Depositing capacity of winter wheat stem segments under natural drought during grain filling in Ukrainian forest steppe conditions

“…Wheat, which occupies more than 200 million hectares in the world, is considered as one of staple grain crops (Rauf et al, 2015;Bondarenko & Nazarenko, 2020;Nazarenko, 2020). Within the period 2016-2020, on average 753-763 million tons of wheat grain was produced annually in the world (Food Outlook -Biannual Report on Global Food Markets.…”

Occurrence of cytogenetic effects under the action of epimutagen in winter wheat

“…But even earlier, studies of other objects have shown that other types of changes (in particular, paracentric inversions) are quite often more likely causes of hereditary changes than much rarer translocations (Palmieri et al, 2016), although this type of change is more promising for cultivated plants. Already at the early stages of research, it became clear that chromosomal aberrations play an essential role in the evolution of living organisms (Oney-Birol & Balkan, 2019;Nazarenko, 2020). The study of plant chromosomes in pachytene (Küçük & Liman, 2018) made it possible to establish that such types of rearrangements as dele-tions, duplications, inversions and translocations have a complex and complex character (Spencer-Lopes et al, 2018).…”

“…As for the instability of the genome, there is a phenomenon that is directly related to the nature of the genotype of a particular individual, obviously with the presence of highly variable loci. The mechanism of the phenomenon is not entirely clear, since it is not explained by any of the basic principles of radiobiology and genotoxicology, such as dependence on the dose (concentration), the nature of the mutagen, or the interaction of the mutagen and genotype (Nazarenko, 2018(Nazarenko, , 2020Yali & Mitiku, 2022).…”