Induction tempering of steel: Part II. Effect of process variables

Semiatin, S. L.; Stutz, D.E.; Byrer, T. G.

doi:10.1007/bf02835489

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…IHT has its merits, with an inherently fast oxidation rate, low-energy consumption, its cleanliness and environmental friendliness [17] and it has been extensively utilized in industrial fields-in particular having been used in steel heat treatment for several decadescombining electromagnetic, heat transfer and metallurgical phenomena [18]. Due to the skin effect of the induction current during IHT oxidation, the temperature of the surface part of the sample rises rapidly, while the temperature of the inner part increases at a much slower rate, with less current distributed in the inner part than the surface part [19]. Therefore, oxide coating formation is more rapid on the surface than inside the material in the IHT process, and there is a reduction of the adverse effects of heating on the mechanical properties of the inner material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of well-distributed titania nanopillar arrays on Ti6Al4V surface by induction heating for enhancing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

Sun¹,

Bai²,

Xiao³

et al. 2017

Nanotechnology

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Great effort has recently been devoted to the preparation of nanoscale surfaces on titanium-based implants to achieve clinically fast osteoinduction and osseointegration, which relies on the unique characteristics of the nanostructure. In this work, we used induction heating treatment (IHT) as a rapid oxidation method to fabricate a porous nanoscale oxide layer on the Ti6Al4V surface for better medical application. Well-distributed vertical nanopillars were yielded by IHT for 20-35 s on the alloy surface. The composition of the oxides contained rutile/anatase TiO and a small amount of AlO between the TiO grain boundaries (GBs). This technology resulted in a reduction and subsequent increase of surface roughness of 26-32 nm when upregulating the heating time, followed by the successive enhancement of the thickness, wettability and adhesion strength of the oxidation layer to the matrix. The surface hardness also distinctly rose to 554 HV in the IHT-35 s group compared with the 350 HV of bare Ti6Al4V. The massive small-angle GBs in the bare alloy promoted the formation of nanosized oxide crystallites. The grain refinement and deformation texture reduction further improved the mechanical properties of the matrix after IHT. Moreover, in vitro experiments on a mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) culture derived from human bone marrow for 1-7 days indicated that the nanoscale layers did not cause cytotoxicity, and facilitated cell differentiation in osteoblasts by enhancing the gene and osteogenesis-related protein expressions after 1-3 weeks of culturing. The increase of the IHT time slightly advanced the BMSC proliferation and differentiation, especially during long-term culture. Our findings provide strong evidence that IHT oxidation technology is a novel nanosurface modification technology, which is potentially promising for further clinical development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of well-distributed titania nanopillar arrays on Ti6Al4V surface by induction heating for enhancing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

Sun¹,

Bai²,

Xiao³

et al. 2017

Nanotechnology

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“…Figure 6 Tempering parameter versus hardness curves for AISI 1030, 1050 and 1080 carbon steels. These data show good correlation for as-tempered hardness predicted by the tempering parameter when a constant C = 18 is used in the Holloman-Jaffe equation Source: Grange and Baughman (1956) In addition to furnace tempering, where tempering times are typically measured in hours, the following form of the Holloman-Jaffe equation has also been successfully used for higher temperature, relatively short tempering times (seconds), such as for induction tempering (Anonymous, 1985a-b;Semiatin et al, 1985b):…”

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confidence: 96%

A historical overview of steel tempering parameters

Canale

Yao

et al. 2008

IJMMP

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The results of the stress relieving and tempering processes are dependent on the temperature and time of the process, which may be correlated using a parameter such as Holloman's (Holloman-Jaffe) parameter or the Larsen-Miller parameter. These parameters are a measure of the thermal effect of the process on the metallurgical transformation of the steel during tempering. The processes that exhibit the same tempering parameter are expected to exhibit the same effect (such as hardness). However, these more traditional numerical expressions assume isothermal tempering processes which seldom exist in production tempering ovens due to the heat-up period prior to soaking

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“…The induction heating is very promising process that can be applied to a large variety of gears and other mechanical components such as bearing seats, cams, couplings, splines, etc. In fact, due to its selective heating capacity, the process allows to improve wear resistance and enhance contact fatigue life and keeping part core unaffected [1][2]. A typical cycle heat treatment consists in heating specific regions of a part using adequate frequencyand above the austenitizing temperature (Ac 3 ) to allow martensite to be formed after quenching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Induction Heating Process Applied to Internal Gear Using 3D Model

Barka

Ouafi

Chebak

et al. 2012

AMM

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The current paper is principally dedicated to the study of geometry and frequency effects for internal spur gears heated by induction. The overall work is realized by the simulation efforts performed on Comsol multi-physics software. The 3D model used during this study is built basing on coupling between Maxwell’s and heat transfer equations. This model is used to calculate the temperature profile in the gear in function of machine parameters. The module and the frequency are varied to determinate their effects. In fact, two gears having the same external diameter but different modules are exploited during this study and the frequency is varied from low to high level. The obtained results allow understanding the effect of module and frequency on the final temperature distribution. Finally, the optimal frequency value permitting to have the best temperature profile is found.

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Induction tempering of steel: Part II. Effect of process variables

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Preparation of well-distributed titania nanopillar arrays on Ti6Al4V surface by induction heating for enhancing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

Preparation of well-distributed titania nanopillar arrays on Ti6Al4V surface by induction heating for enhancing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

A historical overview of steel tempering parameters

Study of Induction Heating Process Applied to Internal Gear Using 3D Model

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