Inductor design for a High performance DC-DC Modular Multilevel Converter

A Comprehensive Performance Analysis of a 48-Watt Transformerless DC-DC Boost Converter Using a Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controller with Special Attention to Inductor Design and Components Reliability

“…A PID controller (refer to Figure 5a) is a feedback control loop mechanism that continually calculates an error signal as the difference between a desired set-point (reference) and a measured process variable (output). The controller applies the proportional, integral, and derivative terms to the error signal to compute the control output, which adjusts the system's process to bring the output closer to the desired set-point [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

“…The controller applies the proportional, integral, and derivative terms to the error signal to compute the control output, which adjusts the system's process to bring the output closer to the desired set-point [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] An illustration of the PID control technique is presented in Figure 5a [28,29]. In this diagram, the input signal is denoted as u(t), and the controller's output is expressed as "F(t)" (refer to Equation ( 19)):…”

“…Due to this property, it is also known as a Magnetic Energy Storage Element (MESE) [16]. It typically consists of a coiled wire wound around a core material that is made up of ferromagnetic material [17][18][19]. Within various converter configurations, the inductor, "L", plays a crucial role in enabling the energy transfer and conversion process, ensuring constant output voltage levels while controlling the switching operations.…”

“…Within various converter configurations, the inductor, "L", plays a crucial role in enabling the energy transfer and conversion process, ensuring constant output voltage levels while controlling the switching operations. Various reports have been made related to the derivation of inductance value instead of proper design criteria and evaluation process, which still need proper attention [17][18][19][20].…”

“…In this research paper, the converter's performance analysis was carried out with special attention to inductor design and component reliability evaluation. For the design of the inductor "L", the "Area Product Technique (APT)" has been used to analyze the factors likewise window area (W A ), magnetic length (l m ), cross-section area (A CS ), number of turns (N), and size of wire (in SWG) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Further, a performance investigation of the inductor "L" was carried out as a function of load current, supply voltage, and load resistance at 100 and 500 kHz frequencies.…”