Industrial Applications of Nanomaterials Produced from Aspergillus Species

Abstract

There is a great demand for green methods of synthesis of nanoparticles. Fungi play an important role in the synthesis of nanoparticles, of which Aspergillus spp. are known to secrete different enzymes responsible for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The process of biosynthesis of nanoparticles is simple, rapid, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and easy to synthesize at ambient temperature and pressure. Mostly, the metal nanoparticles such as silver, gold, lead and the oxides of titanium, zinc, and copper are synthesized from Aspergillus spp. These include mainly Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, and A. clavatus. The fabrication of different nanoparticles is extracellular. In the present chapter, we have discussed the role of different species of Aspergillus, mechanism of biogenic synthesis particularly enzymes involved in the reduction of metal ions into nanoparticles. The biogenically synthesized nanoparticles have demonstrated several biomedicals, agricultural, and engineering applications. The biogenic nanoparticles are mostly used as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Their use as fungicidal agents is important for sustainable agriculture.

Fungi‐mediated synthesis of nanoparticles: characterization process and agricultural applications

“…Fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, 14,15,16,17 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, 18,19 Fusarium solani, 20,21 Fusarium culmorum, 22 Aspergillus niger, 23,24,25 Aspergillus clavitus, 26,27 Aspergillus fumigatus, 28,29,30 Aspergillus tubingensis, 31,32,33 Aspergillus oryzae, 34,35,36 Aspergillus terreus, 37,38,39 Aspergillus flavus, 40,41,42 Aspergillus versicolor, 43,44 Aspergillus sydowii, 45,36 Alternaria tenuissima, 46,47 Alternaria alternate, 48,49,50 Alternaria brassicae, 51 Rhizopus oryzae, 52 Alternaria solani, 53 Rhizopus arrhizus, 54 Rhizopus stolonifer, 55,56 Pleurotus sajor-caju, 57,58,59 Penicillium duclauxii, 60 Penicillium...…”

“…Fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum , 14,15,16,17 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici , 18,19 Fusarium solani , 20,21 Fusarium culmorum , 22 Aspergillus niger , 23,24,25 Aspergillus clavitus , 26,27 Aspergillus fumigatus , 28,29,30 Aspergillus tubingensis , 31,32,33 Aspergillus oryzae , 34,35,36 Aspergillus terreus , 37,38,39 Aspergillus flavus , 40,41,42 Aspergillus versicolor , 43,44 Aspergillus sydowii , 45,36 Alternaria tenuissima , 46,47 Alternaria alternate , 48,49,50 Alternaria brassicae , 51 Rhizopus oryzae , 52 Alternaria solani , 53 Rhizopus arrhizus , 54 Rhizopus stolonifer , 55,56 Pleurotus sajor ‐ caju , 57,58,59 Penicillium duclauxii , 60 Penicillium fellutanum , 61 Penicillium polonicum , 62 Penicillium roqueforti , 63 Penicillium citrinum , 64,65,66 Penicillium waksmanii , 67 Penicillium aurantiogriseum , 68 Penicillium chrysogenum , 69 Penicillium brevicompactum , 70 Trichoderma harzianum , 71 Trichoderma asperellum , 72,73 Trichoderma reesei , 74,75 Trichoderma viride , 76,77,78 Trichoderma harzianum , 79,80,81 Trichoderma koningii , 82,83 Tricholoma crassum , 84,85 Cladosporium sphaerospermum , 86 Cladosporium cladosporioides , 87,88,89 Hypocrea lixii , 90 Cochliobolus lunatu...…”

Proteases de uma espécie da família Trichocomaceae para aplicação na indústria de alimentos

“…Apesar disso, não existem muitos estudos direcionados especificamente para a capacidade de produção de proteases de A. clavato flavus, encontrando-se na maioria das vezes descrições em conjunto com pesquisas para outras espécies . Encontram-se estudos relacionados a outros produtos secretados pela espécie, como alguns peptídeos antimicrobiais e nanopartículas (Zamani et al, 2021;Rai et al, 2022). Dessa forma, este estudo tem como objetivos analisar a capacidade de produção de proteases por Aspergillus clavato flavus DPUA 929.…”