Industrial Developmental Toxicants and Congenital Heart Disease in Urban and Rural Alberta, Canada

Ngwezi, Deliwe P.; Hornberger, Lisa K.; Serrano-Lomelin, Jesús; Nielsen, Charlene C.; Fruitman, Deborah; Osornio-Vargas, Álvaro

doi:10.3390/challe9020026

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We found strong negative associations with CHD in urban regions based on amounts emitted. In fact, in our previous study, [24] using a more precise exploratory approach, we found positive associations in both urban and rural postal codes exposed to the highest levels of Group 3 emissions [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…In the current exploratory study, the most significant associations found with Groups 1 and 2 DTs remained regardless of using amounts or RS. Recently, using an inverse distance weighted (IDW) approach to understand the effect of maternal residential proximity to industrial facilities on the development of CHD [24], we identified that only the highest exposures to the three DTs Groups were associated with urban CHD while, in rural regions, associations occurred with Groups 1 and 3 DTs and not Group 2 DTs [24]. Despite the fact that rural regions had more facilities and emissions, their impact was larger in surrounding urban postal codes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking Trends in Emissions of Developmental Toxicants and Potential Associations with Congenital Heart Disease in Alberta, Canada

et al. 2018

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Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a serious anomaly for which the etiology remains elusive. We explored temporal trend associations between industrial developmental toxicant (DT) air emissions and CHD in Alberta. Patients born between 2004–2011 with a diagnosis of CHD and 18 DTs from the National Pollutant Release Inventory (2003–2010) were identified. We applied principal component analysis (PCA) to DT amounts and toxicity risk scores (RS) and defined yearly crude CHD and septal defects rates for urban and rural regions. Correlations between DT groups and CHD rates were examined with Spearman test and Bonferroni correction was conducted for multiple comparisons. PCA identified three DT groups: Group 1 (volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases,) Group 2 (other VOCs), and Group 3 (mainly heavy metals). Province-wide, we found associations between Group 1 DTs and CHD and septal defect rates, when using amounts (r = 0.86, CI 0.39, 0.97 and r = 0.89, CI 0.48, 0.98, respectively) and RS (r = 0.88, CI 0.47, 0.98 and r = 0.85, CI 0.36, 0.97, respectively). Rural Group 2 DTs were positively associated with septal defect rates in both amounts released and RS (r = 0.91, CI 0.55, 0.98 and r = 0.91, CI 0.55, 0.98, respectively). In this exploratory study, we found a temporal decrease in emissions and CHD rates in rural regions and a potential positive association between CHD and septal defect rates and mixtures of organic compounds with or without gases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Trends in Emissions of Developmental Toxicants and Potential Associations with Congenital Heart Disease in Alberta, Canada

et al. 2018

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“…CHD is understood to be multifactorial in its etiology and the role of environmental chemical pollutants from various sources has gained increasing attention as well. We have recently shown that neighborhoods exposed to very high levels of multiple industrial chemical pollutants had an increased risk of CHD development [49,50]. In addition, other factors such as neighborhood characteristics (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of socioeconomic status and the development of congenital heart disease: A scoping review

Ngwezi¹,

Hornberger²,

Osornio-Vargas³

2018

apr

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Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly affecting 1% of all live births of which the etiology remains unknown. The incidence is higher in developing countries likely related to low literacy, poverty and higher exposures to hazardous environmental nuisances. The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in CHD development has recently received attention. To gain the breadth of knowledge generated from existing publications, we undertook a scoping review of studies examining the relationship between SES and CHD. Methods: We searched databases using individual or combination of keywords which included non-Medical Subject Heading (non-MeSH) and MeSH terms. We included original observational studies using cohort, case control or ecologic study designs written in English and from 1980-2017. Results: We identified 26 studies, most of which were conducted in developed economies with very few from developing economies. The majority (18/26, 69%) examined individual maternal SES variables and the risk of CHD, whilst fewer (4/26, 15%) examined associations with SES at the area level or neighborhood level and others (4/26, 15%) examined the individual, family and neighborhood SES levels to weigh the relative contribution of each SES level in CHD development. Individual maternal low education and low skilled occupation were associated with CHD in half of the studies and another half of the studies found no associations between these variables and CHD. Evidence regarding the influence of neighborhood SES alone or multiple SES variables has been inconclusive as well. Conclusion: There is a paucity of studies from both developed and even more so from developing countries that have examined the influence of SES in CHD development. More knowledge regarding the contribution of various SES measures (i.e., individual, area level, and combinations) on CHD occurrence is required before relevant and effective interventions can be implemented.

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“…Twenty one of the 70 studies (30%) examined industrial chemical exposures through air or water and the development of CHD. Five of the 22 (23%) examined proximity to industrial sites as a proxy for exposure [61][62][63][64][65]. Seven studies (32%) used pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTR) [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Outdoor Industrial Chemical Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five of the 22 (23%) examined proximity to industrial sites as a proxy for exposure [61][62][63][64][65]. Seven studies (32%) used pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTR) [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. Maternal residential proximity to hazardous waste sites [61,62], industries emitting organic compounds (e.g.…”

Section: Outdoor Industrial Chemical Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental pollution and the development of congenital heart disease: A scoping review

Ngwezi¹,

Hornberger²,

Osornio-Vargas³

2018

apr

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Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly in infancy affecting 1% of all live births worldwide of which the etiology in most affected children is unknown. The role of environmental pollutants from various sources is increasingly gaining attention. To explore the existing breadth of knowledge on this topic, we undertook a scoping review of studies examining the role of environmental pollution in relation to the development of CHD.Methods: We searched various databases for studies reporting CHD and exposures to chemicals using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH including criteria pollutants (e.g. CO, SO 2, NO 2 ), occupational, non-occupational, industrial chemicals and emissions reported in pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTR) from 1980 to 2018. Results:We identified 70 studies that were grouped into the categories of outdoor industrial chemical pollution; urban air pollution; occupational; and non-occupational exposures. There were no marked differences in proportions of studies in the first three categories, which ranged between 29-33%. Nonoccupational exposures accounted for 7% of the studies. Proximity to industrial facilities and hazardous waste sites was associated with CHD in a modest number of studies that used PRTR. Urban criteria pollutants were consistently associated with CHD. Maternal occupational exposures were more commonly studied compared to paternal exposures and organic solvents were associated with CHD in these studies. There were limited studies that examined non-occupational and multipollutant exposures. Conclusion:We identified associations between various chemicals and CHD, employing diverse methods of exposure assessment. Most studies examined single pollutant exposures and have demonstrated inconclusive findings. Future studies should examine multiple pollutant exposures and CHD. In addition to monitored data, exploratory studies could exploit PRTR in countries where such registers exist. Furthermore, multicenter studies that examine larger populations of affected patients could facilitate the discovery of the relationship between specific chemicals and CHD subtypes.

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Industrial Developmental Toxicants and Congenital Heart Disease in Urban and Rural Alberta, Canada

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Tracking Trends in Emissions of Developmental Toxicants and Potential Associations with Congenital Heart Disease in Alberta, Canada

Tracking Trends in Emissions of Developmental Toxicants and Potential Associations with Congenital Heart Disease in Alberta, Canada

The role of socioeconomic status and the development of congenital heart disease: A scoping review

Environmental pollution and the development of congenital heart disease: A scoping review

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