Industrial Heat Exchanger: Operation and Maintenance to Minimize Fouling and Corrosion

Abstract

Heat exchanger is equipment used to transfer heat from one fluid to another. It has extensive domestic and industrial applications. Extensive technical literature is available on heat exchanger design, operation and maintenance, but it is widely scattered throughout the industrial bulletins, industrial design codes and standard, technical journals, etc. The purpose of this book chapter is to consolidate into basic background and concepts design of heat exchangers, operation, cleaning and green technology maintenance on heat exchanger closely related to the industrial practices.

A Review of Biofouling of Ships’ Internal Seawater Systems

“…In addition to impaired water flow and structural integrity issues, biofouling can alter functional aspects of ISS surfaces (Table 1). Functional impacts mainly pertain to heat exchangers, where surface fouling or deposits on heat exchange plates or tubes can lower the thermal conductivity of surfaces and thus greatly reduce efficiency of heat passed from high to low temperature water (Faes et al, 2019;Kah Hou et al, 2019). Biofouling can provide substantial thermal resistance, with biofilms of 1-mm thickness reported to reduce heat transfer efficiency by 50%, which exceeds the impact of most types of mineral fouling (Muilenberg and Candir, 2013).…”

“…Biofouling incurs costs across the lifetime of equipment: capital expenditure, energy costs, maintenance costs, production loss, and environmental management costs (Steinhagen et al, 1993;Kah Hou et al, 2019; Table 2). Some direct costs are straightforward to quantify but indirect costs are difficult to estimate and there appears to be a lack of corresponding shipscale models.…”

“…*The top five categories listed here follow Steinhagen et al (1993) and Kah Hou et al (2019) referring to industrial heat exchangers.…”

“…Production losses may vary broadly across a range of impacts from reduced capacity or offline systems, including ship scheduling issues. Throughout the life cycle of a ship, ISS will incur energy losses, lost productivity, and maintenance and personnel expenses that each cause substantial cumulative costs (Stopford, 2009;Kah Hou et al, 2019). Losses occur as systems get older and no longer run as new, with biofouling and a range of other causes contributing to higher maintenance and running costs.…”

Kalıp Şartlandırıcı Serpantinde Oluşan Korozyonun İnhibitör Kullanımıyla Engellenmesi

“…Çoğu arıza, çukurcuk veya gerilme korozyonu gibi korozyon biçimlerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Uygulaması basit ve kullanışlı bir yöntem olan korozyon inhibitörleri [14] ısı eşanjörlerinde korozyonu azaltmakta ve sistemin verimli olarak çalışmasını sağlamaktadır [15]- [19]. Bir korozyon inhibitörü olarak, NaNO2 1940'larda petrol endüstrisi, benzin ve diğer petrol ürünlerinde çelik boru hatlarındaki iç korozyonu önlemek için test edilmiştir [20].…”