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A paper presents laboratory research conducted to evaluate technological properties of the nanoparticle-induced water shut-off agent and to assess its potential for gas recovery enhancement in geo-physically complicated reservoir conditions. The studied water shut-off agent is an inverse emulsion generated through the synergy of physico-chemical reactions between natural and artificial surfactants with silicon dioxide nanoparticles (NPs). Ultra-hydrophobicity and stability of the nanoparticle-based emulsion (nano-emulsion) conveys game-changing technological properties, resulting in a high performance of the water shut-off agent. Introduced in this paper research program was specifically developed to meet an inquiry of gas-condensate fields operator for an efficient physico-chemical or chemical water shut-off technology with zero secondary damage to reservoir. Therefore, the research program aimed to evaluate technological properties of the emulsion system with nanoparticles (ESN) in the tight sandstone formation conditions 8990 psi and 230°F. Firstly, rheometric study and tests in an autoclave were conducted to measure rheology, stability, compatibility and floating property of the ESN water shut-off agent under heavier polymer-clay fluid. Secondly, core flooding tests were conducted on four sets of natural low-permeable sandstone core columns to assess reversibility feature of the ESN water shut-off agent and a threshold pressure of the gas-condensate breakthrough. Rheology of the investigated water shut-off agent characterized by the share thinning behavior, i.e., viscosity drops under rise of the share rate and the other way around. The pseudoplastic behavior of the ESN perfectly suits applications in gas wells because it improves processes of preparing and pumping the water shut-off fluid downhole, does not float under heavier process fluids and self-controllable in-situ. It was learned that the ESN is compatible with reservoir and process fluids, and stable at reservoir conditions 230°F and 8990 psi. The ESN's blockage reversibility feature was confirmed in core floods. Overall, the research results confirmed innovative properties of the ESN water shut-off technology with its wide-range compatibility and high stability properties.
A paper presents laboratory research conducted to evaluate technological properties of the nanoparticle-induced water shut-off agent and to assess its potential for gas recovery enhancement in geo-physically complicated reservoir conditions. The studied water shut-off agent is an inverse emulsion generated through the synergy of physico-chemical reactions between natural and artificial surfactants with silicon dioxide nanoparticles (NPs). Ultra-hydrophobicity and stability of the nanoparticle-based emulsion (nano-emulsion) conveys game-changing technological properties, resulting in a high performance of the water shut-off agent. Introduced in this paper research program was specifically developed to meet an inquiry of gas-condensate fields operator for an efficient physico-chemical or chemical water shut-off technology with zero secondary damage to reservoir. Therefore, the research program aimed to evaluate technological properties of the emulsion system with nanoparticles (ESN) in the tight sandstone formation conditions 8990 psi and 230°F. Firstly, rheometric study and tests in an autoclave were conducted to measure rheology, stability, compatibility and floating property of the ESN water shut-off agent under heavier polymer-clay fluid. Secondly, core flooding tests were conducted on four sets of natural low-permeable sandstone core columns to assess reversibility feature of the ESN water shut-off agent and a threshold pressure of the gas-condensate breakthrough. Rheology of the investigated water shut-off agent characterized by the share thinning behavior, i.e., viscosity drops under rise of the share rate and the other way around. The pseudoplastic behavior of the ESN perfectly suits applications in gas wells because it improves processes of preparing and pumping the water shut-off fluid downhole, does not float under heavier process fluids and self-controllable in-situ. It was learned that the ESN is compatible with reservoir and process fluids, and stable at reservoir conditions 230°F and 8990 psi. The ESN's blockage reversibility feature was confirmed in core floods. Overall, the research results confirmed innovative properties of the ESN water shut-off technology with its wide-range compatibility and high stability properties.
This is a knowledge-sharing manuscript, which focuses on the methods for planning and execution of new technology integration projects in petroleum and geosystems industry. Described in the manuscript proper method of arrangement of the new technology integration projects is based on years of practicing a multidisciplinary approach to the new technology integration for improved oil recovery (IOR). This approach involves the use of knowledge of fundamentals in economics, management, marketing, law and engineering. The new technology integration in such a globally immense and inflexible industry as oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) is a challenging task. The E&P industry segment distinguishes itself from the others by its large share in global trade, capital-intensive nature, and extra-slow pace of projects for the new IOR technology integration. Obstacles to successful integration of new technology in the E&P industry are present at all scales. In the context, it may be regulatory complexities, infrastructural challenges and commodity market volatility. At the business and corporate level, it may be risk aversion, information asymmetry, corporate culture and sometimes stakeholders’ or management's skepticism. Any of these obstacles can hinder or prevent the adoption of the innovation. Therefore, even though the benefits and competitive advantages are clear, being a conceptually new technology conveys many hidden obstacles and entry barriers for integration, making this road a bumpy one. This manuscript delves into practice of the new technology integration on an example of the nanotechnology called Emulsion System with Nanoparticles (ESN) applied for subsurface flows control in petroleum and geosystems industry. Recommendations given in this paper may help both technology-developers and E&P companies overcome some of those above-mentioned obstacles and barriers. The knowledge shared in this manuscript is based on a multi-year experience of the ESN technology integration in several gigantic national oil companies and international joint ventures for oil and gas E&P in Europe, the Middle East and South-East Asia. Analysis of the accumulated international experience in the ESN technology integration helped to find common flaws in the process of pilot projects arrangements, as well as helped to develop a proper methodology for the new technology integration process. This study aims to shed light on the hidden obstacles existing nowadays and to equip decision-makers with actionable strategies to facilitate new technology integration in the global petroleum and geosystems industry.
This paper presents results of laboratory research conducted in the framework of a nano-emulsion technology piloting project for reduction of water production in mature sandstone oilfields offshore. Efforts of a technology developer, an oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) company and a petroleum research institute were put together to develop a fit-for-purpose piloting program. The offshore oilfields selected for the pilot are in the South of Vietnam. A laboratory part of program included list of experiments for testing physical and technological properties of the new product, a nano-emulsion called ESN which stands for Emulsion System with Nanoparticles. This new system is an inverse emulsion, whose nanoparticle augmented physical properties can be easily adapted for control of fluids flow in a wide range of reservoir conditions. A synergy from natural and artificial surfactants chemically intertwined with supercharged silicon dioxide nanoparticles brings to life a whole new scientific concept of the flow-control technologies for petroleum and geosystems industry. The ESN is an environmentally friendly technology used for advanced control of fluids flow subsurface. In this study, an application of ESN is aimed to selectively shut-off water zones within a profile of oil-gas well. The ESN consists of three liquid components: process or sea water, crude oil or diesel and nanoparticle-based surfactant. Implementation of the laboratory part of the piloting program resulted in a ready-for-pilot solution at reasonable cost and time. One of the main tasks of this research was to quantitatively demonstrate effectiveness of the unique features of ESN for selectively blocking water-bearing zones of sandstone reservoirs in Lower Miocene (2950 psi and 91°C) and Late Oligocene (3900 psi and 107°C) hydrocarbon formations. As a basic requirement from the E&P company, ESN had to be stable at said reservoir conditions and compatible with reservoir and process fluids. Besides that, the operator wanted to confirm that ESN is an easy-to-handle flow-control agent in the offshore environment, meaning that it can be prepared with ordinary equipment available at the vessel, all components must be liquids that can be easily mixed at ambient conditions, and properties of the ready-to-use composition do not change during operation. Thus, the laboratory program was executed in three successive stages: 1) ambient condition; 2) high pressure and temperature conditions; and 3) the reservoir conditions. As a result, a stable and reservoir-compatible ESN formulation that met all requirements set by the E&P company was quickly selected. In the series of core floods, it was confirmed that ESN selectively blocks predominantly water-saturated cores, while oil-saturated cores permeability drops slightly with clear tendency to full recovery under crude oil flow.
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