This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on 'Natural resources, structural change, and industrial development in Africa' as part of a larger UNU-WIDER research project on 'Jobs, poverty, and structural change in Africa'; and also within the project on 'Inclusive growth in Mozambique-scaling up research and capacity', implemented in collaboration between UNU-WIDER, University of Copenhagen, University Eduardo Mondlane, and the Mozambican Ministry of Economics and Finance. The project is financed through specific programme contributions by the governments of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Switzerland.