Industry-collected target strength of high seas orange roughy in the Indian Ocean

Abstract

Visually verified in situ target strengths (TS) are the state of the science for determining the conversion from acoustic echo-integration surveys to biomass. Here, we show how these measurements can be made by high seas fisheries during normal operations using a net-attached acoustic optical system (AOS) without specialized personnel on board. In situ TS were collected from ∼45 cm standard length (SL) orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) in the southern Indian Ocean at 38 and 120 kHz. We use a multiple lines of evidence approach to demonstrate that the previous TS–SL equation developed for ∼10 cm smaller fish in Australia and New Zealand is not suitable for the larger orange roughy and instead propose new TS–SL equations. Our findings show that biomass estimates at 38 kHz will be reduced by ∼58% when using this new TS–SL compared to the existing TS–SL for smaller fish. This highlights the error of extrapolating TS–SL equations outside the measurement range. For this high sea region, the net-attached AOS represented a practical cost-effective method to obtain measurements and provide a result that could be used to inform the management of the stocks. We suggest that this method would be useful in all deep-water fisheries to monitor the TS of the fish for a range of environmental and ontogenetic conditions.

Estimating abundance of fish associated with structured habitats by combining acoustics and optics

“…Instead, the TS ‐ L equation for C. auratus was based on ex situ measurements of larger individuals in Cockburn Sound, WA. This may not be appropriate as TS measurements made on different size‐classes of the same species can result in very different TS ‐ L equations (Scoulding & Kloser, 2021), and, therefore, differences in biomass estimates. There were no published TS‐L equations available for some of the other aggregating fish species, introducing an unknown but systematic error to their biomass estimates.…”