Inefficient conjunction search made efficient by concurrent spoken delivery of target identity

Reali, Florencia; Spivey, Michael J.; Tyler, Melinda J.; Terranova, Joseph I.

doi:10.3758/bf03193358

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…The participants' performance was lower when the task was more difficult, in accordance with results of previous visual search studies [34,[35][36][37]. The present data confirm that the enemies' visual features may be used to set task difficulty in the present situation.…”

Section: Combined Impact Of Lateral Background Motion and Task Difficsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…According to visual search experiments [34,35], the first hypothesis was that the performance would be lower when the task is difficult (i.e., when the target differs from distractors by a conjunction of visual features) than when the task is easy (i.e., when the target differs from distractors by a single visual feature). Eye movement recordings have consistently shown that both the number and average duration of eye fixations increased with task difficulty, both during reading and visual search [for review , 38].…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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How visual background motion and task difficulty modulate players’ performance in a shooting task

2015

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International audienceIn many virtual environments, such as those of video games, the scene background moves to give the illusion of movement. In the present study, two experiments were designed to investigate the combined impact of lateral background motion and task difficulty on players’ performance in a target-shooting task. Participants had to perform the task on either the moving or the stationary version of a patterned background that was either green (Experiment 1) or black-and-white (Experiment 2). The difficulty of the task was manipulated by varying the number of visual features shared between the target and distractor items. In accordance with the literature, the participants’ performance was worse, and the number and duration of participants’ fixations increased when the task was difficult. Background motion had an additive, negative impact on performance. When the background was black-and-white, background motion had an impact only when the task was easy but not when it was difficult. Design recommendations based on manipulations of the background characteristics are proposed to establish the level of difficulty in simple video games that use lateral background motion

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Section: Combined Impact Of Lateral Background Motion and Task Difficsupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

How visual background motion and task difficulty modulate players’ performance in a shooting task

2015

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“…The model architecture is shown in Figure 4 and is similar in spirit to the recurrent normalization model of visual search (Spivey, 2007; see also Lupyan & Spivey, 2008; Reali et al, 2006; and for a related model of word production see Howard et al, 2006). All units were modeled as leaky-integrator neurons (e.g., Thelen et al, 2001; Usher & McClelland, 2001) with activation driven by net input and decay according to:…”

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phonological and semantic deficits on facilitative and inhibitory consequences of item repetition in spoken word comprehension

2013

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Repeating a word can have both facilitative and inhibitory effects on subsequent processing. The present study investigated these dynamics by examining the facilitative and inhibitory consequences of different kinds of item repetition in two individuals with aphasia and a group of neurologically intact control participants. The two individuals with aphasia were matched on overall aphasia severity, but had deficits at different levels of processing: one with a phonological deficit and spared semantic processing, the other with a semantic deficit and spared phonological processing. Participants completed a spoken word-to-picture matching task in which they had to pick which of four object images matched the spoken word. The trials were grouped into pairs such that exactly two objects from the first trial in a pair were present on screen during the second trial in the pair. When the second trial's target was the same as the first trial's target, compared to control participants, both participants with aphasia exhibited equally larger repetition priming effects. When the second trial's target was one of the new items, the participant with a phonological deficit exhibited a significantly more negative effect (i.e., second trial response slower than first trial response) than the control participants and the participant with a semantic deficit. Simulations of a computational model confirmed that this pattern of results could arise from (1) normal residual activation being functionally more significant when overall lexical processing is slower and (2) residual phonological activation of the previous trial's target having a particularly strong inhibitory effect specifically when phonological processing is impaired because the task was phonologically-driven (the spoken input specified the target). These results provide new insights into perseveration errors and lexical access deficits in aphasia.

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“…Further, people are sensitive to how often certain expressions are used within their linguistic community (Saffran et al, 1996; Landauer and Dumais, 1997; Gahl and Garnsey, 2004) and speakers of different languages talk about events differently (e.g., Gentner and Goldin-Meadow, 2003). Language directs attention (e.g., Reali et al, 2006; Richardson and Matlock, 2007) and through repeated use may guide habitual event construals (e.g., Slobin, 1996). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing agency: the role of language

et al. 2010

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Is agency a straightforward and universal feature of human experience? Or is the construction of agency (including attention to and memory for people involved in events) guided by patterns in culture? In this paper we focus on one aspect of cultural experience: patterns in language. We examined English and Japanese speakers’ descriptions of intentional and accidental events. English and Japanese speakers described intentional events similarly, using mostly agentive language (e.g., “She broke the vase”). However, when it came to accidental events English speakers used more agentive language than did Japanese speakers. We then tested whether these different patterns found in language may also manifest in cross-cultural differences in attention and memory. Results from a non-linguistic memory task showed that English and Japanese speakers remembered the agents of intentional events equally well. However, English speakers remembered the agents of accidents better than did Japanese speakers, as predicted from patterns in language. Further, directly manipulating agency in language during another laboratory task changed people’s eye-witness memory, confirming a possible causal role for language. Patterns in one’s linguistic environment may promote and support how people instantiate agency in context.

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Inefficient conjunction search made efficient by concurrent spoken delivery of target identity

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

How visual background motion and task difficulty modulate players’ performance in a shooting task

How visual background motion and task difficulty modulate players’ performance in a shooting task

Effects of phonological and semantic deficits on facilitative and inhibitory consequences of item repetition in spoken word comprehension

Constructing agency: the role of language

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