Inequalities in health: the value of sex-related indicators.

Benigni, Romualdo

doi:10.1289/ehp.5698

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…socioeconomic factors as reflected in rates of female versus male disadvantage for cancer incidence and life expectancy within different countries (Benigni, 2003). This suggests that sex differences in morbidity and mortality are not determined exclusively by biology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Perspective: Gender as a Health Determinant and Implications for Health Education

Davidson

Trudeau

Roosmalen³

et al. 2006

Health Educ Behav

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Gender is a health determinant, but gender itself is influenced, in part, by biological and psychological variables. Understanding gender's influence on health therefore requires an understanding of the determinants of the construct gender. A review of certain gender determinants is presented. The authors consider the modifiability of these determinants and present recommendations about which of these determinants should be targeted for health promotion and policy creation activities. In concluding, they argue that gender is a multidetermined construct that encompasses many factors that may be modifiable through intervention, and consideration of all of these factors should be vigorously pursued. Keywords: gender; theory; determinants; policy; reviewGender is a multifaceted construct. It is composed of social roles, behaviors, values, attitudes, and social environmental factors, as well as biological, physical, and hormonal attributes, yet the terms gender and sex are often used interchangeably, as though psychosocial and biological attributes inevitably covary. This conflation of terms has led to debates among scientists about how to operationalize these constructs (Deaux,

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confidence: 99%