Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers

Abstract

Background: The American family structure has changed in the past few decades due to a rise in the divorce rate and unmarried women with children. Research suggests a salary disparity between men and women, especially for those women after pregnancy. However, these studies were confined to individuals within traditional families, and there is a lack of information of income disparity and poverty status between single mothers and fathers. The current study explored the disparities in single-parent families based on the household income and the poverty status using a set of nationwide censor data. Methods: The current study used data from the 2011 and 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 1135). Multivariate regression models were used in the analysis. Results: The demographic characteristics of the weighted population showed that taxable income, total income, and poverty status were higher for single fathers than mothers, while non-work income was higher for single mothers than fathers. Single mothers were much more likely to be at the crisis category than single fathers. Multivariate analyses showed that gender, age, marital status, years of experience, and geographic region had effects on taxable income, and only gender, marital status, and region had effects on poverty status. Conclusions: The results suggest that vulnerable group of single mothers was acknowledged according to income and poverty status. Age, marital status, years of experience, and region would be the critical factors for predicting the income and poverty status for single parenthood.

The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States

“…For the dependent variables of any OOPC, outcome 1, and any medical debt, outcome 2, there was an analytical sample of 4407 households. Of note, those with $0 of debt were included as having any OOPC and any medical debt [ 23 , 30 , 34 ]. Further, consistent with the literature, households with positive amounts of OOPC and medical debt were used to investigate the relationship between a diagnosis of cancer and the amount of OOPC, outcome 3, and the amount of medical debt, outcome 4.…”

Getting Ahead in a Just-Gettin’-By World: Gender Differences in Intake Characteristics and Poorer Outcomes Observed for Men

“…Childhood socioeconomic circumstances often predict adult economic mobility (Chetty et al, 2014); thus, poverty often begets poverty. Single mother-headed households, the majority of single parent households, are more likely to be in poverty than other family types (Langley, 2016; Lawson et al, 2017; Lu et al, 2020). In addition to the potential increased economic security of a present father, there are additional benefits to children living in poverty who have a father in their life.…”

What Influences Modern Contraceptive Utilisation Among Single Mothers in Nigeria? Evidence from Pooled Cross-Sectional Surveys

“…Though, single motherhood is increasingly rising across the world [6][7][8][9][10] as an evolving family type but in many developing countries including Nigeria, single motherhood is rarely accepted in the community. Many single mothers experience discrimination, rejection and blackmail from members of their community [11][12][13] and children nurtured by single mothers are perceived to be poor trained in family values [14] in addition to having elevated risks of poor health outcomes [15][16][17].…”

“…This is important because single mothers like other groups of women are likely to experience unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and unsafe abortion if they do not use modern contraceptives or if they use it inconsistently. In addition, the rising pro le of single motherhood across the world [6][7][8][9][10] requires that more attention be paid to the determinants of modern contraceptive use among single mothers. Findings from the study may provide inputs for strengthening existing population policy and reproductive health strategies in the aspects of scaling up modern contraceptive demand and use among important segments of women in the society.…”