Inequalities in Public Water Arsenic Concentrations in Counties and Community Water Systems across the United States, 2006–2011

Nigra, Anne E.; Chen, Qixuan; Chillrud, S. N.; Wang, Lili; Harvey, David; Mailloux, Brian J.; Factor-Litvak, Pam; Navas‐Acien, Ana

doi:10.1289/ehp7313

Cited by 67 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Over 30 years of research confirms that marginalized communities are disproportionately exposed to and affected by pollution [4,5], hazardous waste sites [6], lead poisoning [7], hazards resulting from the built environment [8], food deserts [9], and other harmful environmental exposures [10]. In 2020 and 2021, these marginalized communities were repeatedly told that due to their economic status, ethnicity/race, occupations, and home location they faced a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020 and 2021, these marginalized communities were repeatedly told that due to their economic status, ethnicity/race, occupations, and home location they faced a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 [11][12][13][14]. These are the same communities in which researchers have documented elevated exposures to air pollution [15][16][17], increased rates of contaminated drinking water [5,18], limited access to green spaces [19,20], and disproportionate burdens from climate change [21]. While the field has often reported an association between these "risk factors" (e.g., higher levers of air pollution) and race/ethnicity, it has done so without considering the interpretation of these associations, ignoring that structural racism and not race is responsible for these differential exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An applied environmental justice framework for exposure science

Horne

Alcala

Peltier

et al. 2022

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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On the 30th anniversary of the Principles of Environmental Justice established at the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit in 1991 (Principles of Environmental Justice), we continue to call for these principles to be more widely adopted. We propose an environmental justice framework for exposure science to be implemented by all researchers. This framework should be the standard and not an afterthought or trend dismissed by those who believe that science should not be politicized. Most notably, this framework should be centered on the community it seeks to serve. Researchers should meet with community members and stakeholders to learn more about the community, involve them in the research process, collectively determine the environmental exposure issues of highest concern for the community, and develop sustainable interventions and implementation strategies to address them. Incorporating community “funds of knowledge” will also inform the study design by incorporating the knowledge about the issue that community members have based on their lived experiences. Institutional and funding agency funds should also be directed to supporting community needs both during the “active” research phase and at the conclusion of the research, such as mechanisms for dissemination, capacity building, and engagement with policymakers. This multidirectional framework for exposure science will increase the sustainability of the research and its impact for long-term success.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An applied environmental justice framework for exposure science

Horne

Alcala

Peltier

et al. 2022

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lack of animal model systems has hindered understanding the events leading up to chronic arsenic exposure induced skin cancers. It has never been possible to induce skin cancer in rodents with arsenic exposure alone, even at exposures of 50 ppm (Tokar 2016 ), which far exceeds the environmental exposure levels human populations encounter (Ghosh et al 2007 ; Gonsebatt et al 1994 ; Nigra et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic alteration in miRNA and mRNA expression profiles at different stages of chronic arsenic exposure-induced carcinogenesis in a human cell culture model of skin cancer

et al. 2021

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Chronic arsenic exposure causes skin cancer, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well defined. Altered microRNA and mRNA expression likely play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Changes in genome-wide differential expression of miRNA and mRNA at 3 strategic time points upon chronic sodium arsenite (As3+) exposure were investigated in a well-validated HaCaT cell line model of arsenic-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Quadruplicate independent HaCaT cell cultures were exposed to 0 or 100 nM As3+ for up to 28-weeks (wk). Cell growth was monitored throughout the course of exposure and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was examined employing immunoblot. Differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA profiles were generated at 7, 19, and 28-wk by RNA-seq, followed by identification of differentially expressed mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs through expression pairing at each time point. Pathway analyses were performed for total differentially expressed mRNAs and for the miRNA targeted mRNAs at each time point. RNA-seq predictions were validated by immunoblot of selected target proteins. While the As3+-exposed cells grew slower initially, growth was equal to that of unexposed cells by 19-wk (transformation initiation), and exposed cells subsequently grew faster than passage-matched unexposed cells. As3+-exposed cells had undergone EMT at 28-wk. Pathway analyses demonstrate dysregulation of carcinogenesis-related pathways and networks in a complex coordinated manner at each time point. Immunoblot data largely corroborate RNA-seq predictions in the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) pathway. This study provides a detailed molecular picture of changes occurring during the arsenic-induced transformation of human keratinocytes.

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“…Although the World Health Organization established 10 µg/L as maximum containment level for arsenic in drinking water, more than 220 million people are exposed to arsenic levels exceeding these guidelines worldwide [3] . Chronic low-level arsenic exposure through drinking water is common in the U.S., especially in the Southwest where 6% of sampled public water-supply systems exceed the 10 µg/L maximum containment level and another 25% exceed 4 µg/L; disproportionately affecting rural and Hispanic communities [4] . Local exposures can be much higher, 21% of water from private wells in Nevada exceeded 100 µg/L [5] ; while overall in Maine 18.4% of sampled wells contained arsenic concentrations greater than 10 µg/L, and 4% had arsenic concentrations greater than 50 µg/L [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%